My paper Essay

This general education course is designed to introduce the intentional learner to communication, collaboration, information utilization, critical thinking, problem solving, and professional competence and values. The course uses an interdisciplinary approach for the learner to develop personal academic strategies in order to reach desired goals and achieve academic success. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Ellis, D. (2011). Becoming a master student (13th ed. ). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Academic Success Details Due Points Objectives 1. 1 Identify university resources for success. 1. 2 Develop educational and professional goals. 1. 3 Recognize the importance of personal responsibility. 1. 4 Demonstrate the key elements of the writing process. Reading Read the introduction of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 2 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 10 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 11 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Video CWE Watch the Center for Writing Excellence (CWE) video on the student website. Video CME Watch the Center for Math Excellence (CME) video on the student website. Presentation CME View the Center for Mathematics Excellence (CME) presentation on the student website. Tutorial University Library Access the Toolwire ® Learnscape: Finding Information at the University Library through the link on the student website. Complete the Learnscape Activities. Tutorial Financial Options Review the Financial Options information available on the link provided on the student website. Tutorial The Writing Process Review the CWE Grammar and Writing Guides: Guidelines for Writing Academic Essays on the student website. Audio Goal Setting and Time Management Listen to the â€Å"Goal Setting and Time Management† audio lecture located on the student website. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Time Management and Goals Complete the following exercises in Ch. 2 of Becoming a Master Student. Exercise 7: Time Monitor/Time Plan Process Exercise 10: Get Real with Your Goals Participation Participate in class discussion. See Discussion Forum 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. See Discussion Forum Individual Ethical Lens Inventory Complete the Ethical Lens Inventory through the link on the student website. Due by Week 1, Day 7 2 Individual Personal Responsibility Essay: Thesis Statement and Informal Outline Resources: CWE Thesis Generator; CWE Sample Outline Review the assignment directions for the Personal Responsibility Essay, due in Week Five. Create a thesis statement and informal outline for your Personal Responsibility Essay. Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Thesis Statement and Informal Outline Worksheet on the student website. Due by Week 1, Day 7 3 Week Two: Collaboration Details Due Points Objectives 2 2. 1 Describe methods of collaboration. 2. 2 Determine strategies for enhancing team performance. 2. 3 Identify strategies for conflict resolution. Reading Read Ch. 1 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 9 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read the following materials in the Learning Team Toolkit: Welcome Handbook (appropriate to your campus) Why Learning Teams? â€Å"Team† Competence at Work Toolkit for Effective Team Building Team Basics Additional Resources References Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Attitudes and Learning Complete the following exercises in Ch. 1 of Becoming a Master Student: Exercise 4: The Discovery Wheel Exercise 5: Develop your multiple intelligences Tutorial Overview of CWE Access the Toolwire ® Learnscape: Overview of the CWE through the link on the student website. Complete the Learnscape Activities. Audio University Goals & Collaborative Learning Listen to the â€Å"University Goals and Collaborative Learning† audio lecture on the student website. Participation Participate in class discussion. See Discussion Forum 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. See Discussion Forum Career Activity Interests and Competencies By completing the Career Plan activities in this course, you are creating a career plan that can help you focus on your career goals and relate those goals to your work in this course and throughout your academic program. You must complete each activity to proceed with building My Career Plan in the following weeks. You can access your results at any time in My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services on the student website. For additional information, review the My Career Plan Student Guide on the Career Plan website. Access My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services located on the student website. Complete the Career Interest Profiler (if you have not done so already). Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Competencies. Take a screen shot of the results from the Competencies activity and post the Word document as an attachment in the Assignments tab: Press Alt + Print Screen on your computer keyboard to create a screen shot. Open a blank Microsoft ® Word document. Press Ctrl + V on your keyboard to paste the screen shot into the document. Save the Word document to your computer. Due by Week 2, Day 7 2 Learning Team Instructions Week Two Learning Team Exercises Complete the Week Two Learning Team Exercises presented by your facilitator. Due by Week 2, Day 7 1 Learning Team Instructions Career Plan Discussion Reflect on your results from the Interests and Competencies activities in My Career Plan and discuss the following questions as a team: In what ways can understanding your personal competencies help in a collaborative setting? What competencies did your career plan indicate you possessed? How might you apply your strengths to enhance your team performance? Online classroom: Summarize your discussion in 150 words and post your response to the â€Å"Career Building: Competencies† thread created by your facilitator in the Main forum. Local-campus classroom: Come to class prepared to give a 2-minute informal presentation of your thoughts. Due by Week 2, Day 7 1 Individual Collaboration Complete the Ethics Exercise: Collaboration through the link on the student website. Due by Week 2, Day 7 2 Individual Personal Responsibility Essay: Rough Draft Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Thesis Statement and Informal Outline Worksheet Write a 350- to 700-word rough draft of your Personal Responsibility Essay (due in Week Five) based on your thesis statement and informal outline. Include the following: Define personal responsibility and what it means to you. Explain the relationship between personal responsibility and college success. Include a preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in your education. Note. APA formatting is required for this assignment. Due by Week 2, Day 7 8 Learning Team Team Building Worksheet Resources: Discovery Wheel and Develop Your Multiple Intelligences exercises in Ch. 1 of Becoming a Master Student; Ethics Exercise: Collaboration Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Team Building Worksheet on the student website. Due by Week 2, Day 7 6 Week Three: Information Utilization Details Due Points Objectives 3 3. 1 Perform research in the University Library. 3. 2 Evaluate sources of information for relevancy, reliability, and bias. 3. 3 Demonstrate summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting information from various sources. Reading Read Ch. 3 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 4 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 5 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Essay Review Submit your Personal Responsibility Essay rough draft to WritePoint ® for review. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Personal Responsibility Essay: Research Complete the Library Research Tutorial, available on the University Library home page. Find at least two library sources for the Personal Responsibility Essay. Summarize information for both sources. Tutorial Citations and References Review the CWE Tutorials and Guides: Writing Style Guidelines and APA Information on the student website. Explore the CWE Reference and Citation Generator on the University Library home page. Tutorial Plagiarism Review Access the Toolwire ® Learnscape: Plagiarism Review at the CWE through the link on the student website. Complete the Learnscape Activities. Video The Writing Process Watch â€Å"The Writing Process† video on the student website. Participation Participate in class discussion. See Discussion Forum 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. See Discussion Forum Career Activity Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preferences Access My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services located on the student website. Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preferences. (Access is only available after completing the Career Interest Profiler and the Competencies activity). Take a screen shot of your Work Culture Preferences results and post the Word document as an attachment in the Assignments tab. Press Alt + Print Screen on your computer keyboard to create a screen shot. Open a blank Microsoft ® Word document. Press Ctrl + V on your keyboard to paste the screen shot into the document. Save the Word document to your computer. Write a 350-word summary discussing the results from the Career Interest Profiler, Competencies, and Work Culture Preferences activities. Research the following items in the University library and include your findings in the summary: Possible employers that would fit with your provided competencies Types of jobs that would align with your work culture preferences Due by Week 3, Day 7 5 Learning Team Instructions APA Reference and Citation Worksheet Review the following CWE materials: Grammar and Writing Guidelines: Plagiarism – Understanding Paraphrase Grammar and Writing Guidelines: Plagiarism – Using Direct Quotations Examine the importance and applicability of the APA guidelines for academic work. Complete the University of Phoenix Material: APA Reference and Citation Worksheet with examples from team members’ sources. Learning Team Instructions Week Three Learning Team Exercises Complete the Week Three Learning Team Exercises presented by your facilitator. Due by Week 3, Day 7 2 Individual Personal Responsibility Essay: Research and Organization Resources: CWE Annotated Bibliography and CWE Reference and Citation Generator Review the CWE Annotated Bibliography on the student website. Prepare an annotated bibliography for the sources in your Personal Responsibility Essay. Include the following information: Reference citation for each source Summary of the information in the source and how you determined it to be reliable Write a 350-word explanation of the following: How you determined the sources to be reliable and relevant, and whether or not there is an author bias How this information might strengthen or weaken your essay Format your explanation consistent with APA guidelines. Due by Week 3, Day 7 8 Week Four: Communication Details Due Points Objectives 4 4. 1 Prepare a research paper. 4. 2 Prepare a presentation. Reading Read Ch. 8 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Tutorial Creating a Presentation Complete the Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® tutorial on the student website. Access the Toolwire ® Learnscape: Making a Successful Presentation through the link on the student website. Complete the Learnscape Activities. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Personal Responsibility: Revision Revise your Personal Responsibility Essay rough draft to incorporate facilitator feedback, WritePoint ® suggestions, and your library research. Participation Participate in class discussion. See Discussion Forum 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. See Discussion Forum Career Activity Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Abilities Access My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services located on the student website. Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Abilities. Take a screen shot of your Reasoning Abilities results and post the Word document as an attachment in the Assignments tab: Press Alt + Print Screen on your computer keyboard to create a screen shot. Open a blank Microsoft ® Word document. Press Ctrl + V on your keyboard to paste the screen shot into the document. Save the Word document to your computer. Due by Week 4, Day 7 2 Learning Team Instructions Personal Responsibility Essay: Peer Review Share your Personal Responsibility Essay rough draft. Discuss each team member’s rough draft and provide feedback. Use the University of Phoenix Material: Peer Review Form to note teammates’ suggestions. Learning Team Instructions Week Four Learning Team Exercises Complete the Week Four Learning Team Exercises presented by your facilitator. Due by Week 4, Day 7 1 Learning Team Instructions Career Plan Discussion Part 1 – Reasoning Abilities Reflect on your results from the Reasoning Abilities section on in My Career Plan and discuss the following questions as a team: How can learning about your reasoning skills help to improve how you write a research paper or give a presentation? How can learning about your reasoning skills help improve a work environment? Online classroom: Summarize your discussion in 150 words and post your response as a reply to the â€Å"Career Building: Reasoning Abilities† thread created by your facilitator in the Main forum. Local-campus classroom: Come to class prepared to give a 2-minute informal presentation of your thoughts. Part 2 – Career Planning Reflect individually on your My Career Plan results from the entire course. What are the next steps in your career plan? What milestones have you established in the Career Plan to monitor your progress towards your career goals? Why do you think these steps are important in helping you progress? How can you focus your time and attention in future courses based on your career competencies and goals? Online classroom: Post your response to the questions as a Reply to the â€Å"Career Planning† thread created by your facilitator in the Main forum. Local-campus classroom: Come to class prepared to give a 2-minute informal presentation of your thoughts. Due by Week 4, Day 7 2 Individual Ethics Simulation Complete the Ethics Simulation: Dilemmas: The Purloined Paper and The Big Presentation through the link on the student website. Due by Week 4, Day 7 3 Individual Personal Ethical Statement Resources: Ethical Lens Inventory Write a 350- to 700-word reflective statement that defines your personal ethical viewpoint. Include what you learned through the Ethical Lens Inventory: Your preferred ethical lens Your blind spot Your strengths and weaknesses Your values and the resultant behaviors Due by Week 4, Day 7 8 Week Five: Critical Thinking and Professional Competence Details Due Points Objectives 5 5. 1 Examine ethics issues. 5. 2 Identify personal bias and emotion. 5. 3 Determine the relationship between higher education and professional competence. Reading Read Ch. 7 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read Ch. 12 of Becoming a Master Student. Reading Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Nongraded Activities and Preparation Professional Competence Presentation (Preparation) Resource: Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® tutorial Create an outline for the Profession Competence Presentation. Consider the following questions: What role do ethics play in professional competence? How might you use what you have learned about your ethical perspective to develop professional competence? Tutorial Critical Thinking Access the Toolwire ® Learnscape: Assessing the Validity of Varying Points of View through the link on the student website. Complete the Learnscape Activities. Participation Participate in class discussion. See Discussion Forum 3 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. See Discussion Forum Learning Team Instructions Week Five Learning Team Exercises Complete the Week Five Learning Team Exercises presented by your facilitator. Due by Week 5, Sunday, Day 6 1 Individual Ethical Decision Making Complete the following Ethics Exercises through the link on the student website. Digital Footprint Financial Responsibility Student Marketplace Due by Week 5, Sunday, Day 6 5 Individual Personal Responsibility Essay Resources: Personal Responsibility Essay rough draft; University of Phoenix Material: APA Reference and Citation Worksheet; Learning Team peer reviews; facilitator feedback Write a 700- to 1,400-word paper expanding your Personal Responsibility Essay by incorporating feedback from your facilitator and teammates, and including the following: An introduction A minimum of 2 properly cited and referenced research sources from the University Library A plan to incorporate effective strategies for success as a student A conclusion Reference page Format your essay consistent with APA guidelines. Due by Week 5, Sunday, Day 6 10 Individual Competency Presentation Resources: Learning Team discussion; Professional Competence Presentation Outline; Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® tutorial; Career Plan Create a professional competency presentation plan that answers the following questions: Describe your competencies and how they reflect your work culture preferences. Do these competencies intersect with your potential career? Explain. Why are the competencies important to your future career goals? What is the industry outlook for your preferred career path? You can locate this information in the following places: Job Market Research Tool in Phoenix Career Services The Company Directories and Financials databases in the University Library (under Library Resources) BLS. gov Based on your activity results, what are three possible employers that align with your preferred career path? What actions can you take either to improve your stronger core competencies or to strengthen the areas in which you are not as strong as you progress through each course in the program? Create a presentation of 7 to 10 slides, or 5 to 7 minutes, with speaker notes, showing your plan for using your education to develop professional competencies. (Note: Oral presentations are not required for this assignment. ) Due by Week 5, Sunday, Day 6 5 Learning Team Learning Team Charter Resources: Learning Team Toolkit, activities, and University of Phoenix Material: Team Building Worksheet Complete the Learning Team Charter located in the Learning Team Toolkit. Due by Week 5, Sunday, Day 6 8 Copyright University of Phoenix ® and WritePoint ® are registered trademarks of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, and PowerPoint ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.

Boston Beer Company Essay

This report examines the US Beer industry as well as the industry structure, capacity and marketing trends as they relate to the current and future positioning of the Boston Beer Company, or as most people know it around here, Samuel Adams. The US beer industry has had several years of slowing gains and downfalls. Three brewers dominate the industry that I emphasized in my industry analysis, which are: Anheuser-Busch, Miller Brewing and Adolph Coors. These market leaders have expanded their respective beer industry market at the expense of other brewers, including Boston Beer Company. Boston Beer Company is just a mere 1 percent of the beer brewing industry. The US beer industry is highly competitive with brewers leaving the industry and a few new large brewers enter. China is the undisputed leader in global beer industry, accounting for 17. 1 percent of the world’s beer production in 2005. Purchasing power in Chinese economy is on the rise, which will drive beer sales and improve overall profitability for them. Domestic brewers have been buying small breweries in individual Chinese provinces to service particular communities. First to better understand A little more about Boston Beer Company I’ll look deep into their background of Boston Beer Company. Just like in our Strategic Leadership class to find out what somebody’s values are, you have to know what their back-story is. Samuel Adams has an amazing story line behind it. According to their website it says that â€Å"Boston Beer Company was started with Jim Koch’s great-great grandfathers recipe. With a determination to handcraft a quality, flavorful beer, Jim brewed his first batch of Samuel Adams Boston Lager in his kitchen in 1984†, before I was even born. The beer is said to be created with the world’s finest, all natural ingredients. Jim chose the name Samuel Adams after the Boston patriots, the father of the American Revolution, and a man who fought for our American Independence. Samuel Adams made its debut in Boston on Patriots Day in April of 1985. Boston bartenders were quoted saying that Samuel Adams was unlike any beer they had ever tasted. By the end of the first year, sales reached up to 500 barrels and it just took off from there. Just six weeks after its introduction Samuel Adams was selected as â€Å"The Best Beer in America† at the Great American Beer Festival’s. Since 2000, Samuel Adams has won more awards in international beer tasting competitions than any other brewery in the world. Boston Beer Company has become an inspiration to other small industries out there. By 1995, hundreds of small, local and regional breweries sprouted up all over the country, following in Boston Beer Companies footsteps. From reading this firm analysis so far you would think they dominate the Brewing Industry, brewing close to two million barrels of Samuel Adams beer, but is still less than 1% of the total US beer market. That is just astonishing to me. The companies’ culture and philosophy is simple. To set superior standards for quality. Jim and the brewers at Samuel Adams ensure the highest standards for the best ingredients needed to make the highest quality of beer. I found this so interesting that on Jim’s annual hops selection trip to Bavaria the hops farmers always comment on how Jim just doesn’t just sniff the hops, he â€Å"dives into them! (BostonBeer). There philosophy is not to be the biggest brewing industry but to be the best tasting beer brewing company. Samuel Adams is the only brewer that actually buys back its beer when its past its peak freshness date. These are there strengths. There strengths have always been to take pride in their beer, differentiate yourself in a market that is already dominated by three huge organizations. To this day Jim tastes every batch of beer brewed to make sure it meets his high standards. Another strength they pursue is they have a wide range of beers. These brews include: year-round beers, seasonal styles, signature holiday brews. This differentiates them so much from large brewers. Say for example someone like Anheiser Bush sells the same beer over and over and over. Samuel Adams has Boston Larger, Summer Ale, October Fest, Winter Larger.. etc. This brings in so many more customers like my dad who are excited when the newest season beer comes out. From personal experience my dad marks his calender for when the different brews for Samuel Adams comes out. This is so vital and different from any other brewery. Jim Koch the founder and CEO of The Boston Beer Company Early on, Boston Beer Company acted like a virtual company, primarily contracting with third party packers to produce its products. The brewery did have a small facility, but it was never be enough to produce all the beer the company was capable of selling. In 2006, it expanded its breweries into Cincinnati, which was expected to produce roughly two-thirds of Boson Beer’s total volume. Boston beer companies target customers have always been those around New England and people who like a high-end, thick, good, delicious beer. Boston Beer Company was actually the first brewer to market their product nationally, however they did not have the expense of shipping it across the country however. In 2006, regarding Boston Beer’s productions, chief executive Martin Roper said â€Å"We have revised upward our capacity needs in New England based on healthy craft category growth, our own growth trends and higher freight costs and are no exploring production capacity in excess of 1. 0 million barrels. Our current estimates are that construction of such a facility could cost between 120 million and 160 million. We believe this is an appropriate strategic investment based on the growth of the category as well as known and unknown risk in supplier alternatives. † It is increasingly important for the Boston Beer Company to focus on defining where they stand in a global businesses strategy and perspective, developing Samuel Adams into a leading international brand by making investments in brewers that have leading brands in high-growth beer markets. It is my recommendation that they focus specifically on growth in the Chinese beer industry. It has taken more then three hundred years to develop technology and process required to transform malt into the product displayed in grocery and convenience store coolers across the globe.

Virtual lab #3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Virtual lab #3 - Assignment Example The three slides were observed severally and the number of species counted and recorded. Paramecium caudatum reached the carrying capacity of the environment on the 10th day when grown alone. To support the claim, the species attained its highest count on that day. The species attained a maximum number of 60. After the 10th day, the species did not grow any further due to the limited resources in its environment. Infact, the species population started to diminish the following days. However, the species died off after mixing with Paramecium caudatum to share the same ecological niche. On the other hand, Paramecium aurelia reached its population capacity of the enviroment on the 8th day. On the 8th day, the species attained a maximum number of 98 organisms. When grown alone, the species recorded its highest count on this specific day. It maintained the same number count for the next days. On the other hand, it had a slightly lesser count when mixed with Paramecium caudatum. In this case, it had a muximum number on the 12th day. The differences in population growth patterns between the two species results from the way each individual species utilizes its available resources. In this case, Paramecium caudatum utilizes more resources hence resulting to a lower population count. However, Paramecium aurelia has a high population count because each individual organism utilizes lesser available resources when gown alone. According to the principle of competitive exclusion, thwo or more species competing for the same available resources cannot co-exist in the same environment keeping other factors constant. When mixed in the same test tube, Paramecium aurelia survived while Paramecium caudatum died off. In this scenaio, Paramecium aurelia had the advantage of survival and high population growth rate. As demonstrated in this experiment, no two species can occupy the same ecological niche keeping other factors constant. As a result, one species will have an

The Role of Recreational Literacy in the Knowledge Acquisition of a Ho Essay

The Role of Recreational Literacy in the Knowledge Acquisition of a Hotel Manager - Essay Example The average person has so many options to choose for in terms of upgrading his knowledge about specific events that are relevant to his or her life. Due to this, literacy is not restricted only to the traditional classroom learning or the supervisory systems where institutions controlled the flow of information to different parts of the society. This the existence of recreational literacy as an alternative source of enlightenment has affected different units of the society including the hotel industry. Recreational literacy is defined by Mackey as â€Å"engagements with texts of all kinds that are undertaken entirely for their own sake, for the pleasure of the engagement and not for any utilitarian outcome† (2007 6). Thus it refers to reading and update of information by individuals without a view of getting a qualification or some recognition from it. The whole idea of idea of recreational literacy refers to the acquisition of knowledge by self-motivated individuals mainly through unconscious efforts. This influences the way an individual thinks, although it might not be in a very structured system. Due to the unconsciousness and the gradualist system, recreational literacy affects the way people think and perceive organizations. Due to this, recreational literacy affects the way a hotel manager goes about his/her work. Since I desire to become a hotel manager, I will examine the literacy practices of the hotel management industry and attempt to find out the rate at which recreational literacy has had an influence on the sector. In effect, the paper will examine how recreational literacies are currently transforming learning and communication in hotel management. The paper will proceed by first examining the concept of recreational literacy into greater depth. It will go on to examine the main literacy structures in the hotel management industry. From there, it will explain how the hotel industry is being changed by recreational literacies by interviewing a resource person who has first-hand knowledge of these trends in the industry.     Ã‚  

Organ Harvesting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organ Harvesting - Research Paper Example Medical science has recently succeeded in replacing defective kidney and heart like human organs with substitute kidneys and hearts taken from other people. Many of the dying people are ready to donate their organs when they realize that they left with no hope of survival. Such people donate their organs in order to save the lives of others who have defected organs. There is no harm in showing such mercy towards diseased people and it should be recognized as a noble act. However, many incidents from all over the world are currently coming out with respect to the forceful seizure of human organs from healthy people. In many cases, doctors conduct unnecessary surgeries and steal the kidney like internal organs and trade it for financial benefits. Even the person whose kidney has been stolen has no possibility of knowing what happened to him after the surgery unless he conducts further scanning or X-ray experiments. This paper briefly analyses various dimensions of organ harvesting. Bef ore discussing anything about organ harvesting it is necessary to discuss something about the state of death. Medical science has different opinions about the concept of death. Some medical experts argue death of a person happens when the brain stops it functioning. On the other hand others are of the view that death occurs when the heart functioning stops. There are many patients whose hearts are still working even though their brain became inactive. In any case, it is better to confirm the heart or brain death first before deciding about organ harvesting. The relatives of the patients can do many things in such situations. They can decide whether to sustain the life of such patients in such no hope conditions or not. Moreover, they can decide whether to donate the organs of such patients to others who are in need of it to save their lives. In any case, the donation of organs with the consent of the dying patient or with the consent of the relatives under certain circumstances can be accepted as a moral thing. â€Å"If someone has indicated that he or she wishes to donate organs after death, a transplant team can immediately move in and initiate the organ harvesting process after consent forms are signed by someone with the power of attorney for the patient† (What is Organ Harvesting?) In many cases organ harvesting is conducted forcefully or without the consent of the donor. The reports about forceful organ harvesting or stealing of organs are increasing day by day. No country, irrespective of developed, developing or underdeveloped, seems to be free from the antisocial activities or human right violation like organ stealing or forceful organ harvesting. Reports of forceful organ harvesting are coming from countries like, America, Britain, China, India, Israel etc. Robinson (2008) has reported some shocking incidents of organ stealing from India. Shocked but not surprised. That might be the best way to sum up India's reaction to the revelation this we ek that a black market organ transplant ring had been harvesting kidneys from poor Indian laborers, sometimes against their wishes, and using them in foreigners desperate for transplants. Police who busted the ring last week say doctors paid as little as $1000 for the kidneys and then sold them for as much as $37,500. The racket, based in Gurgaon, a business center close to the capital, New Delhi, drew victims from as many as eight Indian states and lasted for almost a decade. Police say the

The property and financial difficulties of a divorced couple Case Study

The property and financial difficulties of a divorced couple - Case Study Example Divorce has always been a complex and controversial subject for couples. For the most part, the issues concerning property, pension or children complicate relationships and adversely impinge on families including the children. The case of Jenny and Ted is not different compared to others who had to deal with the issue of property during or after the divorce is filed. However, if amicable settlement is not reached by the couple, the laws in the United Kingdom with regards family, divorce and property are very clear on this issue.First the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 sets out the foundation for divorce and is also the major law England and Wales which stipulates the creation of ancillary relief -the financial payment to a marriage party after a couple files for a divorce, nullity of marriage or separation. The claimant of the ancillary relief should present her claim (in this case, Jenny) to a court in England or Wales in order for the court to resolve pecuniary issues which arise from the divorce. 1This is specified in Section 23 & 24 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 which states that the court is empowered to create financial and property provision orders when a couple is granted a divorce. This provision indicates that a party to a marriage shall pay, in forms of securities, bonds or share, or in unsecured lump sums, the other party. Section 24 of the aforementioned act likewise gives the courts in England and Wales the power to order the sale of property which is intended for ancillary relief. The courts in England and Wales have been given this authority since 1970's which bestow them the powers to transfer ownership of property and order a party to make payments to the other party. This authority requires that the courts must assess whether the pecuniary relationship between the couple must be ordered immediately ceased or terminated. 2Payment to the other party in a marriage is ordered by the court in a form of maintenance or in a form of a clean break order which bars the litigant from making further claims in a form of ancillary relief. This payment is also referred to as maintenance orders which can be given to the other party on 'nominal basis' or specific terms. However, the court can review this order any time so as to match the ongoing adjustments in financial ability of the parties who filed for a divorce. The terms and particular dates and arrangements for maintenance orders are usually specified by the courts (Kempton & Theobold 2001). Other various orders which the court can create on their discretion and ones which are contextually related to the family law include Property Adjustment Order in which the courts are given a wide discretion on how the property will be divided and in what shares. The court also has the power to order the auction of the matrimonial home of the couple. Furthermore, a variety of options are open to the courts of England and Wales in order to settle dispute on property. These factors are listed on Section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 so that the courts may serve well and judiciously the interest of both parties in a marriage or serve the best interest of the children. The possible orders that courts can make are in fact limitless and they are created in specific circumstances (Kempton & Theobold 2001). The idea of fair and equal distribution of property has its precedence on the landmark cases decided by courts of England and Wales or the House of Lords. One such case is the famous White v White 2001 in which the House of Lords ordered a controversial redistribution of the couple's finances and property after the divorce. Lord Nicholls, a member of the House has set precedence in his speech which would later on specify the acts with regards division of assets. Nicholls stated in his speech that in all cases, judges must practice judiciousness and ensure their provisional judgment (on assets distribution) regarding the "yardstick of equality of division". This does not mean

Science Plant Study and Animal Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Plant Study and Animal Study - Essay Example A mix of dense, green-grey color, they provide rich ornamental view at open places giving a natural feel in concrete neighborhood. They are intolerant of shade and require space. The name Grevillea is in memory of Charles F. Greville (1749-1807), one of the founders of the Royal Horticultural Society of London. As diverse as trees, shrubs and ground covers, Proteaceae plants are found in frost free, arid regions with scanty rainfall. Warm, dry conditions suit these plants and they thrive in environments that other plants may not find conducive to survive. Some also bloom in winter. The name Proteaceae is taken after the Greek god, Proteus, whose penchant for self-transformations in various shapes has passed on to the plant which also assumes different shapes in different regions of the world. The protea species are tough, hard and resilient. They require minimal nutrients, very little moist, and loose and gravelly soil. The plant is designed to survive in tough conditions by retaining moist in its leaves and flowers. It is not compatible with moist saturated soil and is more suited for mineral rich soil with less phosphate content and where water drains fast. Hillside slopes where the soil is loose also serve as ideal breeding ground for proteaceae plants. The flower is the size of a dinner plate. It is showy and decorative. It has brilliant orange-yellow color. The flowers are nectar-bearing, and attract birds and insects. Some species attract insects and trap them with their sticky exterior killing them for no apparent reason. Leaves Proteaceae leaves range from large, round rainforest types to the needle-like variety. Hairless and green on the surface, the leaf bears white or ash colored silky hair underneath. It is alternate and two to four inches in size. The pointed fern like leaves of Grevillea robusta give way to beautiful golden yellow bloom of the flowers during spring. (University of Connecticut). Grevillea robust leaf The leaves cause quite a litter at the onset of spring as they begin to shed in large numbers. (Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson). Pollination The plant's reproduction system is unique and contains both the male and female functions. The flower performs bisexual functions by its ability to reproduce on its own.Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 1 shows the Grevillea robusta immature flower with the perianth (four dark pink yellow border strips). Figure 2 shows G. robusta mature flower without the perianth and the ovary, style and the pollen presenter with stigma visible. The outer part of the flower is a bract called perianth. The bract is a scale like covering found around the lower part of a flower. It is hard and protects the inner portion

Academic Dishonesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic Dishonesty - Essay Example In this regard, the aim of the current essay is to proffer pertinent issues affecting academic dishonesty, as a behavior that young people often choose to participate in with their peers, knowing full well that it comes with specific risks, side effects, or hazards. Specifically, one intends to determine how young people justify their decision to participate in academic cheating and the factors that influence this choice. The essay hereby aims to prove that academic dishonesty is the effect of different factors impinging on the performance of students placing the blame on the external factors more than the individual students’ desire to manifest exemplary academic performance. Definition of Terms.The Missouri State’s policy defines academic dishonesty as encompassing any of the four specific acts, to wit: (1) â€Å" Cheating: The term â€Å"cheating† refers to using or attempting to use unauthorized materials, information, or study aids in any academic exercise; (2) Fabrication: The term â€Å"fabrication† refers to unauthorized falsification or invention of any information (including research data) or any citation in any academic exercise; (3) Plagiarism: ... ndicates, any or all of the abovementioned acts are considered maladjusted behavior and are usually dealt with the stiffest penalties and sanctions imposed by different schools and universities depending on the extent, degree, level, and frequency of the acts committed. Factors Influencing Academic Dishonesty The study conducted by Lambert, Hogan and Barton (2003) aimed to identify various rationales for cheating. From among those that were revealed through the support of previous researches and studies on the subject, the following factors actually influence academic dishonesty: alienation, low levels of commitment between learning orientations and ideals of higher education, failure to emphasize and recognize ethical implications of the behavior, past cheating behavior, and other crucial variables such as â€Å"competitiveness of their major, course difficulty, the need for professional success, cynicism, and that other students cheat† (Lambert, Hogan and Barton par. 19). Ot her crucial factors that reveal increased propensities to cheat focus on gender, where males have higher tendencies to indulge in academic dishonestly than females. According to Lambert, et al (2003), â€Å"women are socialized differently and view cheating more negatively† (Lambert, Hogan and Barton par. 8). Further, the impact of age was found to be inversely related to cheating behavior. The younger the students, the more they are inclined to cheat due to immaturity and lack of responsibility and accountability for one’s actions. In addition, students with lower GPAs justify the need to cheat hopefully to attain higher grades, if dishonesty is not detected. Finally, the imposition of deterrent sanctions affects the level and extent of academic dishonesty. Schools and universities with strict

Diversity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diversity - Assignment Example The idea of diversity involves respect and recognition. This means one needs to know that every individual is exceptional, and identifying our separate changes. In addition, it can be an aspect of race, origin, gender, sexual placement, socio-economic status, age, corporal capabilities, spiritual opinions, political opinions, and other philosophies. This can be stated as a survey of these alterations in a harmless, confident and developing situation. Moreover, it is all about getting along with one another and moving through unassuming open-mindedness taking on and socializing with the unlikely magnitudes of diversity limited inside every individual. In the area of nursing practice, the building of diverse relationships can help to provide global and optimal health care for all people. There are so many things that people do not realize on the issue of diversity and one of the issues is that diversity covers much more than outwardly observable variances. It is necessary to understand that for the purpose of promoting diversity in nursing practice people should remember that diversity creates an opportunity to support a big variety of cultural distinctiveness and nursing excellence using not only personal and professional development, but also inclusivity and stimulation to think in different ways and percept people with all their specific characteristics.

Tragedy in Tom Brennan Essay Example for Free

Tragedy in Tom Brennan Essay Question: It is impossible to avoid conflict in life, but this tragedy was preventable. Do you agree? Do you believe that tragedies only happen to others? In the novel ‘The story of Tom Brennan’, by JC Burke, she highlights in the most severe way that tragedies do occur. My opinion to the matter at hand is that tragedies do happen. There will always be unavoidable conflict andI agree with the first statement in the paragraph. If you think about the events that took place in the novel, you will understand that the story line is not a happy one. As described by JC Burke, the novel outlines grief in many instances, sadness in the way of Nicole and Luke’s families. Although these emotions are outlined there is still bright and happy emotions involved. It is impossible to avoid conflict; it is just a matter of the amount of tragedy you receive. The amount of conflict you receive can also reflect on a person’s personality, how they respond and handle otherwise terrible issues. If you can stay strong through the tough times in life, you can overcome the obstacles that are thrown at you. There are many stages a person goes through during times of tragedy; it varies between people, religions and races. Some of the stages are depression, being so sad you can’t find any way out. Anger is another, showing you miss the person/s so much rage takes over your life. These are just some of the stages one goes through during tragedy. Obviously the accident in the novel is a tragedy, however there was definitely negligence involved in the events that took place on the night of the accident. Daniel was intoxicated and the passengers knew that so I question the judgment of them, never the less the responsibility lies with the driver and in this case it is Daniel. His actions leading to the death of his friends Nicole and Luke were unacceptable, also his actions lead to the impairment of his cousin Fyn. His cousin Fyn was one of his great friends, they did everything together, played for the same rugby team, training alongside each other and just generally having a great time. Now though Fyn is not capable of doing the things he ones was able to do. He will no longer share his passion for rugby he once had, although he would give anything to play there is nothing he can do.

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance

Effect of Resource Diversity on Joint Venture Performance A STUDY OF RESOURCE BASED VIEW: HOW DOES RESOURCE DIVERSITY AND RESOURCE SHARING AFFECT INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE (IJV) PERFORMANCE? ABSTRACT The study of resource based view (RBV) has transcended the limited focus of a single firm by arguing that RBV can be applied to the area of strategic alliance. As the most instrumental alliance form, IJVs are susceptible to the resource characteristics of parent firms. Albeit RBV has been used to explain research topics from IJV formation to performance measurement, more in-depth study is needed for exploring the association between resource characteristics and IJV performance. By analyzing data from 82 IJVs in China, the present research proposes that resource sharing mediates the positive relationship between Resource diversity and IJV performance. And cooperation effectiveness moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. INTRODUCTION Barney (1991) believes that the resource based view (RBV) theory can be used to explain the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitive advantage in that valuable, rare, inimitable and unsubstituted resources have the potential to bring sustained competitive advantage to a firm. Transcending the limitations of excessive focus on the study of a single firm, Das and Teng (2000) further contend that resource based view can be applied to explain the entire mechanism of strategic alliance on a continuum from alliance formation to performance measurement. Their research takes RBV study to the next level by introducing more perspectives in studying strategic alliance which has been admitted as a critical device loading corporate strategy (Wassmer, 2010). As the most instrumental alliance form, international joint ventures (IJVs) combine both tangible and intangible characteristics of parent firms that allow resource sharing (including knowledge sharing and tangible resourc e sharing) to happen within the partnership because employees from the parent firms literally work together in IJVs (Kogut, 1988). It is critical for researchers and practitioners to understand how the characteristics and dynamics of two parent firms resources affect IJV performance. Why do firms form IJVs? Resource sharing and inter-organizational learning are the key reasons (Lane, Salk Lyles, 2001). By bringing diversified valuable resources into the IJV, both parent firms strive for a balance between protecting their own valuable resources and absorbing the partners resources (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, the cooperation effectiveness of IJVs would inevitably affect the way resources are synthesized and shared between partners. However, when an IJV is formed, how are the resources of partner firms synthesized? How do both parties share their resources to maximize the IJV performance? These questions remain underexplored. The present research focuses on studying the dynamism of resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance and the moderating role that cooperation plays. Normally, an IJV is formed by two parties: a local firm and a foreign firm. These two parent firms possess different types of resources which are complementary to each other, so they could combine their resources to exploit mutual goals (Ren, Gray Kim, 2009). To contribute to IJV outcome, the resource of parent firms have to be dissimilar and complementary, and the utilization and similarity of resources should be considered synchronously (Das Teng, 2000). Extending their argument, the level of similarity and complementarity can be reflected by resource diversity, and how well the resources are utilized can be reflected by resource sharing. Moreover, to consider resource diversity and resource sharing synchronously, cooperation effectiveness plays an important role (Ren et al., 2009). As shown in figure 1, I propose that in an IJV, the resource diversity is positively related to IJV performance, the more resource diversity the partners have, the better IJV performance they are able to achieve. And resource sharing will mediate the association between resource diversity and IJV performance. Since two partners work in concert in an IJV, cooperation effectiveness inevitably moderates the relationship between resource diversity and resource sharing. Therefore, I put forth following hypotheses: The contribution of the present research is twofold. First, this research expand the resource based view theory by theorizing the model that tap into the relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance by examining the moderating effect of cooperation and the mediating effect of resource sharing. Second, this research also has managerial implications, it helps researchers and practitioners better understand the mechanism of resource diversity and sharing in an IJV, thus they can better deploy different types of resources and facilitate resource sharing accordingly. METHOD Data and Sample IJVs have played a critical role in helping China becoming the best player in the world absorbing foreign direct investment (FDI) (Fang Zou, 2009; Yao, Yang, Fisher, Ma Fang, 2013). Therefore, I draw samples of 200 IJVs in Guangdong Province because it is known as the economic engine of China partly by virtue of its capacity in attracting foreign investment. In their prior studies, Fang and Zou (2009), has adopted IJV sampling in a similar region Jiangsu Province. As suggested by prior researches, considering the validity requirement, solely rely on secondary data is not acceptable, a method combining both survey and secondary data here would be more accurate (Das Teng, 2000). Therefore, I administer surveys and draw on archival data for this research. Data are collected from IJV managers representing both parent firms. I measure IJV performance (the dependent variable) by using archival data. I also measure resource diversity (the independent variable), cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable) and resource sharing (the mediating variable) by using survey data of CEOs, board members and senior managers from both parent firms to eliminate bias. Measures Resource diversity (the independent variable).As suggested by Das and Teng (2009), I assess the resource diversity by administering survey on IJV senior managers representing different parent firms to gather the response on the degree to which each parent firm brings different types of resources such as: financial resources, physical resources, human resources, technological resources, reputation and organizational resources (Grant, 1991, p.6). Adapting the method that Yao et al. (2013) used to measure knowledge complementarity, a survey on resource diversity will be used in the present research to ask senior managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how diversified the resources characteristics are from the parent firms by using a seven-point semantic scale. Since the method of Yao et al. (2013) is also conducted in similar regions in China, the content validity is ensured. In the survey, I ask questions such as: How do you compare your partys industry design with your a lliance partner? (strongly overlapping to strongly complementary). Appendix A includes the form of the items for resource diversity. Cooperation effectiveness (the moderating variable).Following the multi-step process (Churchill Jr, 1979) measure developed by Yao et al. (2013) on knowledge absorption effectiveness, I assess cooperation effectiveness in a similar way by asking top managers representing each parent firm in sample IJVs how effective the partners cooperate in the IJVs using a five-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the cooperation effectiveness between partners in your IJV: Our joint venture has been very effective in transferring resources among different partners? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix B includes the form of the items for cooperation effectiveness. Resource sharing (the mediating variable).Adopting the same rationale of measuring cooperation effectiveness, I develop my own items andassess resource sharing in a similar way by asking top managers to rate the level that the partners share the resources in the IJVs using a four-item, seven-point Likert-type scale. I ask questions such as: How do you rate the resource sharing level between partners in your IJV: IJV partners can easily acquire tangible resources occupied by each other for manufacturing activities? (strongly agree to strongly disagree). Appendix C includes the form of the items for resource sharing. IJV performance (the dependent variable).I will use secondary data to assess IJV performance by two constructs: its financial performance (Return on Investment), and also its longevity (Ren et al., 2009). Control variables.Following the study of Yao et al. (2013). I treat IJV size as control variable measuring by the IJV employee number. Since the market dynamism may be another confounding factor, I also control for market dynamism by using Miller (1987) five items. My data collection procedure is: gather the contact information of sample IJVs through the administrative offices of local development zones that are normally the administrative agencies and service providers of IJVs. Then phone calls and emails will be used to reach out to these IJV CEOs and other senior managers to explain the purpose of the present research and solicit participation in the survey. The ideal target response size of IJV is 82 according to GPower 3.1 test (Effect size = .30, ÃŽÂ ± = .05, Power = .80). Im expecting a 40% response rate which is at the high range of typical response rate (15-40%) since I administer the survey through officials of local development zones who are familiar with the IJV leaders. The questionnaires are distributed to participants in 200 IJVs through email, for non-respondents, the first round of following up phone calls or emails will be carried out two weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires, the second round will be carried o ut four weeks after the distribution of the questionnaires. Following the general method adopted by extant researches, I evaluate responses from the respondents and decide which responses to discard depending on the validity. Given the multinational background of respondents, my original questionnaires are designed in English, they are translated into Chinese when assigning to Chinese respondents, then the responses will be back-translated into English. Statistical description of means and standard deviations is provided. Analysis To test hypothesis 1, resource sharing and IJV performance are separately treated as dependent variables in regression analysis. To test hypothesis 2, I measure the moderating effects of cooperation effectiveness by using moderated regression analysis. To avoid potential multi-collinearity, I take both mean-centered independent and moderating variables into the regression (Aiken, West Reno, 1991). DISCUSSION Prior studies has proved that resource based view can be applied to the study in the area of strategic alliance for about two decades (Das Teng, 2000), yet little has been disclosed about the dynamic relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and alliance performance. In this research, after examining 82 IJVs in China, the results support my hypotheses that cooperation effectiveness will moderate the positive relationship between resource diversity and IJV performance mediated by resource sharing. Theoretical and Managerial Implications The present research focuses on discovering the relationship between resource diversity, resource sharing and IJV performance, and the moderating role that cooperation effectiveness plays. The influence of resource sharing on IJV performance is examined subsequently. Resource based view has been proved a strong tool used to disclose the relationship between firm resources and sustained competitiveness. This research extended the study of resource based view to a more intricate and in-depth level: IJVs, in that compare with average firms, IJVs are formed by parent firms to utilize and share their resources thus achieve the goal of mutual benefits. Therefore, the research brings new insights about how firm resources are constituted and shared and thus affect firm performance in an ever-changing global context. Prior researches has shown that knowledge complementarity has positive effects on new product performance in IJVs (Yao et al., 2013). This research extends the study to a higher level regarding resources occupied by parent firms and bring more generalizability to researchers. It also helps top managers engaging in alliances better utilize their resources. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH As other researches, this research has its limitations. First, as pointed out by other scholars, the sample source is somewhat monotonous because it only reflects the IJVs in a certain region in China, and the resource diversity might be pre-established since the IJVs in my sample are all formed by a Chinese firm and a foreign firm, this fact shows a certain pattern of partnership that the Chinese firms offer resources to reach local market while the foreign firms offers technological and financial resources (Yao et al., 2013). Future research may extend the study of resource diversity patterns by examining how different resource diversity relationships effect research sharing and IJV performance. Second, I only discussed the model regarding IJVs, however, there are other equity and non-equity inter-organizational collaborations such as technical exchange and consortia (Majchrzak, Jarvenpaa Bagherzadeh, 2014). The effect in the other types of collaborations may vary a lot from the model I examine in IJVs. However, the limitation here also leads to fruitful future research. Study of the resource dynamism and alignment can be delivered on different forms of strategic alliance. APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C REFERENCES      Ã‚   Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., Reno, R. R. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions: Sage. Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120. Churchill Jr, G. A. 1979. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of marketing research: 64-73. Das, T. K., Teng, B.-S. 2000. A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management, 26(1): 31-61. Fang, E. E., Zou, S. 2009. Antecedents and consequences of marketing dynamic capabilities in international joint ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(5): 742-761. Grant, R. M. 1991. The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California management review, 33(3): 114-135. Kogut, B. 1988. Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4): 319-332. Lane, P. J., Salk, J. E., Lyles, M. A. 2001. Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(12): 1139-1161. Majchrzak, A., Jarvenpaa, S. L., Bagherzadeh, M. 2014. A review of interorganizational collaboration dynamics. Journal of Management: 0149206314563399. Miller, D. 1987. The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 8(1): 55-76. Ren, H., Gray, B., Kim, K. 2009. Performance of International Joint Ventures: What Factors Really Make a Difference and How? Journal of Management, 35(3): 805-832. Wassmer, U. 2010. Alliance portfolios: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 36(1): 141-171. Yao, Z., Yang, Z., Fisher, G. J., Ma, C., Fang, E. E. 2013. Knowledge complementarity, knowledge absorption effectiveness, and new product performance: The exploration of international joint ventures in China. International Business Review, 22(1): 216-227. Figure 1 Conceptual model of the current research

Exploration of Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder Essay -- Exposi

Exploration of Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder       What if you woke up in the morning and didn't have any recollection of what you did during the night? For some people not remembering is not a problem. Most people just assume that they were in their beds all night, and for most people this is true, but for a small percentage of the population, this is not true. The average person spends approximately 25 years of their life sleeping (Brown, 2002). For some people, this time is well spent, but for others, their 25 years of sleep might not be spent in their bed. When people wake from the night and find crumbs dashed across their clothes and sheets, or candy bar wrappers with small remnants of what was inside lying next to their beds, it can be a frightening experience. These people have no recollection of waking during the night, or even eating. The problem is, they didn't wake during the night, but they did eat. How can this be possible? Sleep eating is similar to sleep walking. It's when a person gets up from a deep sleep and eats with little or no recollection of doing so. Often times the person has little or no sense as to what their actions are. In other words, a sleep-eater may know to turn on the stove in order to cook their food, but they may not think to turn it back off. Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (NSRED) is often referred to as sleep eating. It can be explained as a disorder that is relatively rare. The basic idea of the disorder is simple: while sleeping, the affected eat uncontrollably. The recall level varies and the only evidence of eating is either in weight gain or in the half-eaten food that was left out (Smith & Pilnik, 2003). This disorder can be explained as a mixture between... ...1, Febuary) Night-eating or nocturnal eating or sleep-related eating. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from http://www.neuronic.com/eating_disorder.htm Lamberg, L. (1989, July). Voyeurs in the kingdom of sleep. Health, 69. Mann, D. (2003, March). Bizarre sleep disorders. Retri ved March 5, 2003, from http://content.health.msn.com/content/article/61/67436.htm Montegomery, L. (2002, April). An unusual sleep disorder. RN, 41-43. Montgomery, L. Haynes, L. C. (2001, August). What every nurse needs to know about Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Sevices, retrieved March 12, 2003, from Morgenthaler, T.I., Silber, M.H. (2002, July). Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Medicine, 323-327. Smith, S., Pilnik, L. (Febuary 2003). The eating habit that almost ruined my life. Redbook, 96-97.

Stepping into the Fourth Dimension :: Mathematics Dimensions Geometry Essays

Stepping into the Fourth Dimension   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine going to a magic show, where the world’s top ranked magicians gather to dazzle their wide-eyed crowd. Some would walk through jet turbines, others would decapitate their assistants only to fuse them back together, and others would transform pearls into tigers. However, with each of these seemingly impossible stunts, there is always a catch. A curtain will fall momentarily; a door will shut; the lights will go out; a large cloud of smoke will fill the room, or a screen will hide what is truly going on. Then, a very different magician comes on, and performs stunts like entering a closed box without opening any doors, and placing a mouse in a sealed bottle without removing the cork. These do not seem very extravagant compared to the amazing feats other magicians pull off, but what leaves the crowd completely baffled is the fact that he does these tricks without placing a handkerchief over his hand, or doing it so fast the crowd misses what is going on. To perform the mouse-in-the-bottle trick, he shows the mouse in his hand, slowly twists it in a strange manner, and right before your eyes, his hand completely disappears! A few instants later his hand reappears inside the bottle, holding the mouse. There seem to be two parts of his arm; one in the bottle, and one out. His arm looks severed, yet he has complete control of his fingers inside the bottle. The hand lets go of the mouse, and again vanishes from inside the bottle, and reconstitutes itself on the magicians arm. He pulled it off candidly, without the smoke and mirrors. Everything that was seen actually happened. This magician, breaking the tradition of fooling the audience with illusions, used cutting edge knowledge of higher-dimensional science to perform this marvel. He sent his arm outside of 3-D space, twisted it in the fourth dimension, and placed it back into the bottle. The fourth dimension is not time, but an extra direction, just like left, right, up, down, forward, and backwards. This magician has used the fourth dimension for entertainment purposes. However, the fourth dimension has other, more practical uses and applications in the realm of mathematics, geometry, as well as astrophysics, and holds the explanation to such natural phenomena as gravity and electromagnetism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To this day, many scientists and other people accept time as being the fourth dimension. This notion is completely absurd. Time does play an important role in the description of an object, but it is incorrect to perceive it as a dimension.

Exile :: essays research papers

Controversy of the Exile   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading 2 Kings 25 and the two articles, the main source of contrast between these two sourcs is the amount of detail they go into on different aspects of the Exile. The Biblical reading mentions King Nebuchadnezzar and his capture of King Zedekiah, the efforts of General Nebuzaradan and his detailed destruction and pillaging of Jerusalem and the Temple, the capturing and execution of Judah’s chief officers and priests, Judah’s revolt against Gedaliah and fleeing to Egypt, and the benevolence King Evil-merodach of Babylon demonstrated towards Jehoiachin. The articles, however, mentioned nothing of to do with any of these circumstances. They concentrated, instead, on the life in Judah during the Exile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Biblical picture of life in Judah during the Exile was expressed in only a few verses. One states, “But the poorest of the people were left to farm the land (2 Kings 25:12).'; This gives us little information to work with, and all that can be assumed is that not many people were left in Jerusalem, and those that were, farmed. Whether they farmed for themselves, or for Babylon cannot be reasonably determined from this one verse. Later on, we see that some underground guerrilla forces were also left in Judah as they assassinated Gedaliah and fled to Egypt. Other than this, we know nothing from 2 Kings 25 about life in Judah during the Exile. The articles, however, give us much more light into life in Judah during these times. Graham illustrates that the people that worked in Jerusalem, Mozah, and Gibeon during the Exile were primarily vinedressers and plowmen. 2 Kings 25 does not give us enough information to have known that people worked in these three ci ties. Their work, however, was not for themselves, but for the greater power of Babylon, as can be illustrated in an engraving on a jar that read, “belonging to the lord'; in reference to the work done by the people for the Babylonian king. This, also, was not explicitly illustrated in 2 Kings 25. The king of Babylon collected the goods produced and used them to better the Babylonian economy and the royal crown. Governor Gedaliah also was expected to have overseen people of Judah work to produce wine, fruit, and oil for Babylon. Outside Benjamin, people worked to make perfume, especially balm, for the royal crown of Babylon. The insight Graham gives us into the work done at Mizpah stresses an important point that 2 Kings 25 leaves out.

Grand Canyon University Essay

I look forward to getting the best out of this online nursing program from Grand Canyon University and come out a better nurse equipped with the skill and the knowledge that I need to meet with the challenges in today’s healthcare system. My greatest fear is time management. Time management is very important in any area of life as success and failures are built upon it. It is a big responsibility to juggle school, work and family all at the same time. Working five days a week, two different hospitals, twelve-thirteen hour shifts in high stress intensive care environment, then try to find quality time to spend with family and fulfill your responsibility as a parent puts you in a high stress mode environment. As a parent you do not want to ignore your responsibilities. Since I have been residing in the states I learned that you can not manage time, you manage the events in your life in relation to time. . And how you use that time depends on your skills you learned throughout self analysis, self planning, self evaluation and self control. So , My plan to overcome this fear is to be organized from day one which involves from the beginning to know my weekly schedule and all the required assignments and tasks that are due. I will also allow myself enough flexible time for any unforeseen or unexpected circumstances that might come up along the way. I already planned to cut my work schedule to four day where I can concentrate on my academic requirements. Specific educational experience I encountered here was when I started nursing school; I have major anxiety of test taking. My first step was to meet with my instructors after class and tell them about my problems. Second step I had to explain how I chose the answer to a particular question during test taking since English is not my primary language. Besides meeting with my instructors I had to utilize the learning resources available at the college and attend series of classes for international students. I even took English as a second language courses in the beginning. My family has and always been a huge support in my life. They were 100% understanding and supportive in every aspect of my academic requirements. All these resources helped me overcome and achieve good grades at the end and graduate from nursing school.

Abortion Persuasive Essay Essay

Despite abortion being a highly controversial and divisive public policy issue, medical abortion is a highly feasible and healthy alternative to other, illicit abortion procedures and the availability of medical abortion should, consequently, be maximized rather than restricted. The reality is that for most women who are seeking ways to end their pregnancy a legal and safe medical abortion is just one of several options that such women are willing to go through. Without a viable and safe option for women seeking ways to end their pregnancy, many more women will engage in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and illegal abortions. Minimizing the access to abortion services has been a policy goal of conservatives for some time, while the left has sought to increase access to medical abortion services. This debate is framed by several Supreme Court rulings, most notably the Casey v. Carhart case which affirmed women’s right to abortion, limiting th e restrictions that states can put on abortion clinics but leaving ambiguous exactly what restrictions are allowed. While states and local municipalities are not allowed to outlaw abortion clinics, they still enact and enforce severe restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion services. This creates a de facto ban on abortion in many states, particularly red states. The problem addressed in this project is the potential for severe costs of severely limiting the availability of and access to abortion services for mother seeking to end their pregnancies. Relying heavily on recent empirical studies on the health outcomes of mothers after abortions, this project begins by examining the safety, both physical and psychological, of abortions for mothers. Next, this project examines the legal issues that frame the public policy abortion debate, with a particular focus on the Casey v. Carhart case. Finally, this project presents recent findings from various organizations on the prevalence of abortions around the world and, in particular, the United States. The most important finding presented here is that abortion rates tend to remain steady regardless of whether there are several restrictions on abortions, which suggests that women who seek abortions are willing to engage in illegal and unsafe abortion procedures when no legal options are available. Because of this fact and other findings presented below, legal abortion services should be made widely available to populations across the United States. While most public policy debates on abortion focus on the  distinction between persons and non-persons, as well as the point in which a fetus is considered a person, there is considerable debate over the health outcomes of women who go through abortions. Much of the research relevant to the abortion issue focuses on the physical health outcomes of women. Creinin and Danielsson investigate recent evidence on the physical health outcomes in women after they go through abortions. This article discusses many studies concerning medically induced abortion that occur very early in pregnancies. The researchers draw conclusions about trends found in the studies and the empirical data produced by such studies. The researchers here find that medical abortions are becoming safer (121). That is, while at one point medical abortions were potential quite dangerous for women, today, evidence suggests that they are quite safe for the physical health of the women. In fact, the rate of incident is lower than most invasive procedures, the research suggests, which supports the notion that legal medical abortions are substantially safer than other ways that women seek to end their pregnancies. Only studies on legal abortions were featured in this review. While there is no empirical evidence on the safety of illegal abortions performed on women, it would seem that they are unlikely to be nearly as safe as legal medical abortions. The physical health of a woman after receiving an abortion is, of course, a very important factor in determining whether medical abortion practices area safe. However, with much more attention being paid to mental health of individuals and the importance of mental health in living a healthy and meaningful life, it is important to examine research findings on the specific mental health effects of abortion on women. In a systematic review of literature on the long-term mental health outcomes of women Charles et al. analyzes, compares, and discovers tends in the data from more than twenty studies on the long-term mental health outcomes of women who have medical and legal abortions (442). This literature review focuses very heavily on the long-term psychological health of such women and assesses the quality of the findings from each study, on a scale that extends from very poor to excellent in quality. Charles et al. effectively scan the relevant literature from 2000 to 2008 on the menta l health outcomes of women after medical abortions to find the most relevant findings. This literature review finds that most higher quality studies found almost no significant differences in the mental health outcomes of  women who have had abortions performed and those who have not. Additionally, while the studies that were much poorer in quality than the aforementioned studies more than half of the time produced findings that suggested that women who have had an abortion in their life times have significantly worse mental health outcomes. Thus, there may be two sorts of data being presented in public policy debate on abortion: data that suggests that women do not suffer negative long-term mental health consequences of abortion and data that suggests otherwise. The objective Charles et al. literature review, however, strongly supports the latter findings, suggesting that, in fact, there is support against the notion that medical abortions lead to long-term negative mental health outcomes in women. While the systematic literature review of the available data on the psychological health of women after abortions is highly useful in any attempts to determine the risks associated with legal abortions, there is a need for the presentation of much more recent research findings on this issue. Munk-Olsen et al. report the results of a study on the risks of mental disorders and threats to psychological health in women who have gone through induced abortions during their first trimesters. The results of this study are very recent and help to shed light on exactly how safe medical abortions have become. Also, the findings presented in this study have been compared to the results of other studies performed at a similar time to this study, making for more meaningful and significant results. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the prevalence of mental disorders in women who have had at least one abortion and those who have not (336). Additionally, the results of this study showed that the participants who had gone through abortions were not in significantly different mental health conditions than the participants who had not gone through abortions (336). The findings form this study lend strong support for the notion that access to abortion clinics should be maximized. One notable problem in public policy debates it the availability of data on the frequency of abortions, both legal and illegal, performed in the United States. Jones et al. presents findings about the frequency of abortions in the United States, as well as the availability of abortion services across the United States. The researchers found that in general access to legal abortion services was quite low, despite the Supreme Court ruling that women have a constitutional  right to an abortion (11). However, the authors note that all of the available data for the report did not include any data on unreported abortions, which, presumably, mostly includes illegal abortions. There is a problem emerging in regard to the availability of data on legal abortions and illegal abortions. The problem is that there is a wealth of data available on the prevalence and health outcomes of legal abortions, while there is virtually no meaningful data on illegal abortions. This is, of course, due to the fact of the illegality of such abortions. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to measure the potential harms committed in illegal abortions when not enough data is available. Additionally, comparing legal to illegal abortions and their respective maternal health outcomes is quite challenging given the differences in the availability of data. Even so, there are several assumptions that can help draw sound conclusions based on these research findings. One assumption is that legal abortion procedures tend to be safer than illegal abortion procedures. The rationale behind this assumption is that there is a greater likelihood that legal abortion procedures are performed by trained medical professionals who are qualified for such procedures. For illegal abortion procedures, neither the proper training nor the proper credentials are required. Additionally, illegal abortion procedures include self-initiated abort procedures, which are, of course, not performed by medical professionals. Another sound assumption is that as the availability of and access to legal medical abortion procedures decreases, the number of illegal and unsafe abortion procedures increases. This is because many women choose to have abortions whether legal or illegal. Easy access to a safe and legal abortion clinic is likely more preferable for most women seeking abortions. Thus, when such women do not have access to a safe and legal abortion clinic, many will still choose to have an abortion, but under much less safe conditions. Pazol et al. present a report on the prevalence of abortions in the United States. This report features a number of surveillance summaries on abortions performed. The data used to construct such summaries is provided by the Center for Disease Control. The data is compiled and then analyzed, leading to a number of summative statistics concerning the rates of abortion in the United States. The number of reported abortions is among the leading statistic in this report, as is the abortion rate by age groups and several historical data  trends. This report indicates that the number of performed abortions in the United States increased from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s (Pazol et al. 27). However, more recently, the data suggest that reported abortion numbers have fallen, as have abortion rates in the United States. The report finds that access to abortion in many parts of the country has decreased, which may help to explain why the number of reported abortions has decreased (Pazol et al. 29). The findings from this study do not include findings of unreported or ille gal abortions. Nevertheless, the findings from this study are consistent with previous findings and follow the path that the legal framework for abortion and abortion restriction policies appears to have taken with recent Supreme Court rulings. Once of the most important Supreme Court cases concerning state restrictions on abortion is the Casey v. Carhart case. The law professor Reva Siegel wrote a law review article on the Casey v. Carhart case. The ruling by the Supreme Court in this case is that states are not allowed to severely restrict women’s access to abortion services (Siegel 1724). Doing so is a violation of women’s right to an abortion, according to the Court. This ruling affirms prior rulings that have stated that states may not prohibit abortion and may not make it so difficult for a woman to get an abortion that the states have de facto banned abortion (Siegel 1729). Despite this very important ruling from the Supreme Court, states are, in many ways, still allowed to severely restrict access to abortion clinics to the point where most women seeking abortion in a state will be more likely to choose to either not have an abortion or have an illegal abortion. This is because the Supreme Court ruled that states, themselves, must be challenged on a case-by-case basis before the exact laws that restrict abortion can be deemed unconstitutional (Siegel 1736). In other words, though the Supreme Court struck down state legislation that put severe limitations on legal abortion clinics, states still have so many other limitations that have not been explicitly stricken down and, thus, can still be used by the states to effectively ban abortion. Even though the Court has stricken down several specific forms of limitations for legal abortion clinics, states have still continued to come up with new ways to limit abortion clinic practices that the Court has yet to strike down (Siegel 1732). The current state of the law concerning abortion and state policy abortion restrictions is such that states are allowed to  substantially restrict access to safe and legal abortion procedures. Another legal scholar, Mary Anne Warren, agrees that the current legal status of abortion is such that states are largely free to severely limit access to safe and legal abortion procedures, despite Supreme Court rulings that would seem to suggest otherwise (142). Warren argues that not only is the current legal status of abortion in the United States an uncertain one and one that need further clarification from the Supreme Court, but also that the Court has expressed the strong moral obligation to allow women to have abortions, yet has not done nearly enough to make this assertion hold among the states (145). Warren presents findings from several different studies and literature on the various effects of abortion, the established rates of reported abortion, and the availability of abortion clinics. The findings presented by Warren show that there is a strong contradiction in what the Supreme Court claims is the established rights of women to have an abortion and the actual state of affairs. One of the biggest issues, Warren states, with the current state of affairs for abortion is that the access to abortion differs radically by state. In some states, abortion clinics are easy to find, while in others, they are virtually non-existent due to severe limitations and restrictions imposed by the state (141). Although it is typical for states to differ substantially on many public policy issues, for several Supreme Court decisions to come down and expressly prohibit states from imposing such abortion limitations, it is a clear contradiction by the Court. From many perspectives, then, the current legal situation of abortion and abortion restrictions by the states in the United States in one that allows the states far too much leeway in how far they can restrict access to abortion. Research from 2013 suggests that more than twenty million unsafe abortions happen every year worldwide annually. However, less than two percent of these abortions occur in developed countries. Additionally, far fewer occur in the United States (Sedgh et al. 27). This finding would appear to suggest that the number of unsafe abortions is relatively low in the United States compared to the rest of the world. However, the United States has a low tolerance for abortions, compared to many of the other states included in these research findings. Moreover, the United States has a rate of maternal  fatalities for legal abortions that is less than 1 out of 10,000, with almost all of such fatalities occurring past 16 weeks after conception (World Health Organization 16). Recent research findings have confirmed the assumptions that certain clinical practices and mandates for abortion procedures lead to very safe abortions (World Health Organization 30). This finding provides substantial support in favor of keeping the availability of legal and safe abortion options available to women who are determined to get an abortion. Research findings from 2013 also suggest that â€Å"where legislation allows abortion under broad indications, the incidence of and complications from unsafe abortion are typically lower where abortion is legally more restricted† (World Health Organization 17). Furthermore, the World Health Organization reports that â€Å"where abortion is legally more restricted or available on request, a woman’s likelihood of having an unintended pregnancy and seeking induced abortion is about the same† (17). Additionally, research findings from World Health Organization reports indicate that illegal abortion practices tend to be much less safe than legal abortion practices (23). The World Health Organization findings strongly suggest that women who seek abortion services are likely to engage in some form of abortion services even when such services are unsafe or illegal. These findings are not only applicable to the world, in general, but also apply to the United States specifically. The report by the World Health Organization on the rates of abortion in countries that impose strict abortion laws and those that have not shows that when countries tighten their restrictions on abortion the actual rates of abortion tend not to decrease substantially, meaning that women who seek abortions are still having abortions performed, even when such abortions are illegal and unsafe (22). These findings support the notion that the levels of restrictions on abortions in the United States should be decreased and the availability of and access to abortion services for women should be maximized, not minimized. The evidence presented here strongly suggests that women will be better off if abortion services are made widely available. Current restrictions on abortion services, particularly through state legislative actions, are making it much more difficult for women to find abortion clinics. Many abortion clinics have closed in many states, particularly red states. The political divide on this issue is leading to states polarizing,  with many states having a very high level of abortion clinic availability and many other states having a very low level of abortion clinic availability and access. However, the Supreme Court has already ruled on this issue. It is unconstitutional for any state to outright ban abortion or make it so difficult for a woman to receive an abortion that abortion is de facto banned, meaning that for all intends and purposes abortion is banned by the state. The states that are severely limiting women’s access to safe and legal abortion procedures are not only violating the Constitutional as interpreted by the Supreme Court, but are also harming women. The fact that women will continue to seek abortion procedures, even when no safe and legal abortion procedures are available means that women are willing to cause significant bodily risk to themselves to have an abortion. With this in mind, restricting access to abort ion is creating many more risky situations than was ever intended. It should be realized that further restricting safe and legal abortion procedures in any particular state is simply hurting the women who may be seeking abortions at some point in those states. Evidence presented earlier showed that legal abortion procedures are very safe now, which means that women who seek abortions can have access to safe abortion procedures, but only if the abortion procedures in the given state are low. In states with high abortion restrictions, many women will be denied access to safe abortion procedures, despite such procedures being protected by the Constitution. By not acting to bring down the restrictions on abortions that are harming women by putting them in risky situations and continuing to tighten such restrictions, policy makers are acting irresponsibility. The topic of abortion in public policy debates is typically highly controversial and divisive. Even so, the findings presented here show that because medical abortion is a highly feasible and healthy alternative to illegal and unhealthy abortion procedures. Thus, the availability of and access to legal medical abortion procedures should be increased. As shown above, research suggests that most women who seek means end their pregnancies tend to find ways to have abortions, legal otherwise. After all, a legal and safe medical abortion is just one of several options, many of which are unsafe. Without a viable and safe option for women seeking ways to end their pregnancy, many more women will engage in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and illegal abortions. Minimizing the access to  abortion services has been a policy goal of the right, while the left seeks to increase access to medical abortion services. The ensuing public policy debate is framed by the Casey v. Carhart case which affirmed women’s right to abortion, limiting the restrictions that states can put on abortion clinics but leaving ambiguous exactly what restrictions are allowed. While states and local municipalities are not allowed to outlaw abortion clinics, they still enact and enforce severe restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion services. This creates a de facto ban on abortion in many states, particularly red states. This project has addressed the problem of the possibility of extreme unsafe risks to women seeking abortion services when access has been severely limited by state and local policies. This project presents recent empirical studies on the health outcomes of mothers after abortions, examining the safety, both physical and psychological, of abortions for mothers. It also presented the legal issues that frame the public policy abortion debate, with a particular focus on the Casey v. Carhart case, before turning to recent findings the prevalence of abortions in the United States. Abortion rates tend to remain steady regardless of whether there are several restrictions on abortions, which suggests that women who seek abortions are willing to engage in illegal and unsafe abortion procedures when no legal options are available. This crucial finding is well supported in by research and strongly supports the concl usion of this project: legal abortion services should be made widely available to populations across the United States. Works Cited Charles, Vignetta E., et al. â€Å"Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence.† Contraception 78.6 (2008): 436-450. Creinin, Mitchell D., and Kristina Gemzell Danielsson. â€Å"Medical abortion in early pregnancy.† Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy: Comprehensive Abortion Care (2009): 111-134. Githens, Marianne, and Dorothy McBride Stetson, eds. Abortion politics: public policy in cross-cultural perspective. Routledge, 2013. Jones, Rachel K., et al. â€Å"Abortion in the United States: incidence and access to services, 2005.† Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 40.1 (2008): 6-16. Munk-Olsen, Trine, et al. â€Å"Induced first-trimester abortion and risk of mental disorder.† New England Journal of Medicine 364.4 (2011): 332-339. Pazol, Karen, et al. â€Å"Abortion surveillance–United States, 2009.† MMWR Surveillance Summit 61.8 (2012): 1-44. Rohlinger, Deana A. Abortion Politics, Mass Media, and Social Movements in America. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Sedgh, Gilda, et al. â€Å"Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide.† The Lancet 37.5 (2007): 1338-1345. Siegel, Reva. â€Å"Dignity and the politics of protection: abortion restrictions under Casey/Carhart.† Yale Law Journal 117 (2008): 1694-1802. Warren, Mary Anne. â€Å"On the moral and legal status of abortion.† (2009). World Health Organization. â€Å"Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008.† (2011).

Short Critical Reflection Essay

Some might say the crime of the 21st century will be white collar. If that is true, what will be the major types of cybercrime? How can we safeguard against it? As technology evolves, and monetary transactions become more commonplace over the internet, it is almost like an invitation is being sent out to give dishonest people an open arena for many types of cybercrimes. Computer viruses have evolved from the Brain, introduced in 1986 as a preventative measure against copying programs on floppy disks, to more dangerous ones today. Over the years, computer viruses became a tool for criminals targeting internet banking and government websites. † (Groot-2011) Cyber criminals use such things as botnets (cybercrime infrastructures which consist of ‘hijacked' computers used for illegal activities), phishing (using fake websites or e-mails pretending to be your bank or credit card company to collect your passwords and logins for internet banking), and Trojan, which disguises itse lf as a useful application, but allows third parties to gain access to personal data on your computer.There are tens of thousands of forms of malware out there, and they can do anything from compromise and wipe out bank accounts to access and threaten top secret government programs. One thing we as users can do is to remember that banks never ask for passwords or pin numbers through email, so if by chance we receive an email asking for this, DELETE it. Another way to safeguard against potential threats is by using security software. â€Å"The best protection is to install a virus protection application on your computer. (Bowles-2010) To help track down cyber delinquents, around 200 CERT (Cyber security and Incident Response Team) teams are in place in 43 countries around the world, which, originally established by the Dutch government, â€Å"doesn't have investigative powers, but works closely with the police and Public Prosecution Office and uses the expertise of anti-virus compa nies to limit damage. † (Groot-2011) Our own Department of Justice â€Å"has a Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section that is responsible for finding those individuals who are abusing the powers of computers and breaking the law. (Bowles-2010) Hopefully, more and more of these types of cyber agencies will emerge and help slow down the instances of cybercrime. Online education has evolved over the last ten years as much as the cell phone. Given this, what have been some of the major improvements and changes in the digital classroom? One of the major improvements in the digital classroom, at least the ones at Ashford, is having the accessibility of online text books. My 19 year old daughter is taking college classes online through another school, and she has to order all of her text books and wait for the mailman to deliver them.More than once, the books have arrived after her class began, which left her so behind in her studies. Online education also offers the benef it of working and studying at our own pace and leisure, while also offering us (students) the ability to connect to learning opportunities anywhere, anytime. Being a mom, I have also noticed how my children’s’ school has started adopting technology in their classrooms; for example, using smart boards instead of the traditional chalkboards that we had in our day. The teachers post homework assignments online, as well as grades, attendance, and schedules.My three high school students email back and forth with their teachers, coaches and musical directors. As stated in our text book, â€Å"Most educators see online learning as essential for the long–term success of their schools. † (Bowles-2010) I am inclined to agree with that, as I see daily interactions between my teenagers and their teachers. In addition, with all the crazy laws out there de-personalizing the school relationships between students and teachers in the school setting, where a simple hand on the shoulder could lead to a teacher’s dismissal, this at least gives students the sense that their teachers view them as important. Technology can fundamentally change the learning process so it's more engaging and tailored to students' needs and interests. † (ed. gov-2010) If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property? The answer to this lies in another question. Who is the original author? If you post a poem that is the creation of someone else in the first place, (and if you did and it is, you had better give credit to said author! ), then the answer would be a resounding no.Someone else cutting and pasting an already referenced work cannot be considered an act of plagiarism. However, if the poem in question is an original example of your own talent as a poet, then I would say you have a case for that person stealing your intellectual property. That being said, if you post a po em online, then you obviously had intent of sharing it, which anyone proud of their accomplishments would want to do. At the same time, you wouldn’t wish for someone else to take credit for your idea(s). â€Å"One option is the traditional copyright, and another is available from Creative Commons. (Bowles-2010) The traditional copyright gives the originator of innovative creation absolute rights to it, usually for a limited time. It also â€Å"gives the copyright holder the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, and who may financially benefit from it. † (Wikipedia-2012) Nevertheless, if the copyright runs out, the content becomes public domain, where anyone can use, distribute, or otherwise utilize the work, without legal implications.Another alternative is Creative Commons, a nonprofit organization that promotes legal sharing and remixing. â€Å"Authors and artists can submit their work with copyright terms attached, such as â€Å"all rights reserved,† â€Å"some rights reserved,† or â€Å"no rights reserved. † (Bowles-2010) References: Willemien, Groot (2011) Cybercrime is the threat of the future Retrieved from http://www. rnw. nl/english/article/cyber-crime-threat-future ed. gov 11/09/2010 The Digital Transformation in Education: U. S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan's remarks at the State Educational Technology Directors Association Education Forum Retrieved from http://www. ed. gov/news/speeches/%E2%80%9C-digital-transformation-education%E2%80%9D-us-secretary-education-arne-duncan Bowles, M. D. (2010) Introduction to computer literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUINF103. 10. 2/sections/sec8. 1 The United States Department of Justice Computer Crime & Intellectual Property Section Retrieved from