Student Attendance Monitoring

Wale in partial fulfillment of the Requirements in Computer Programming NC-IV ,has been examined and is commended for your approval and acceptance this August , 2014. DIRT Adviser The Oral Examination Committee Oral Examination Grade Ms. Germinal F. Malice Ms . Sheens Rose F. Beguiler Faculty Member Ms. Made L. Soon School President Faculty Member Approved and Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Computer Programming NC IV Ms. Mandela. Soon I would like to dedicate this project to our Lord God, who gave us strength and power to do our tasks every day.Secondly, I sincerely dedicate this project to our beloved School President Ms. Made L. Soon and to all tech staff who never get tired of us to teaches, accommodated and support us even in awkward time. And lastly, to our supportive Parent's, who always there to guide us and gave their moral support. Acknowledgement I wish to thank Ms. Made L. Soon our School President, for supporting and helping us in making this syste m. Without their support we would not have realized our dream to fulfill this challenge in our life of study.We can only promise to pay back by availing our skills to this school of tech Computer Academy. I also want to thank our parents for supporting us to make this project. And we also want to express our appreciation to our classmates and friends who helped us in one way or another during the course of developing this project. So, thank you to all people who helped and support us. I also want to thank our Father God who give us the knowledge and wisdom to make this project, without his help and guidance we can never to this project, so We thank him a lot for helping us.Abstract I system entitled â€Å"tech Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System†, helps our faculty to manage the schedule of a student in proper way. Our system was developed in Visual Basic 6. With Diversification using Microsoft Access Application. This system will make text information of studen ts of this school. After developing this research project it will help and easy to monitor the attendance of all students. Through the use of search engine the information you wants to know will appear.The Research project will be discuss and presented with sample programs, on how to create a simple Student Attendance Monitoring System using a Microsoft Access. Chapter l: Introduction Background of the Study The attendance monitoring system is a system that would check and record the attendance of a student in a class. Similar to the ID swiping machine at the entrance of each college in the university, this machine will be placed in each classroom to precisely monitor the students and the professor in their respective classes this system is software-based because of its storage of inputs that could be viewed in any compatible browser.The system Background of the Study The attendance monitoring system is a system that would check and record the attendance of a student in a class. Sim ilar to the ID swiping machine at the entrance of each college in the university, this machine will be placed in each classroom to precisely monitor the dents and the professor in their respective classes. Statement of the Problem General Problem How does â€Å"decompositions Student Attendance Monitoring System† helps the faculty to keep and secured the attendance of the student?Specific Problem 1 . What is the profile of your respondents in terms of the following: a. Age b. Gender c. Course 2. What is the importance of â€Å"tech Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System†? 3. What is the advantages of â€Å"tech Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System†? 4. Why do we need to implement the â€Å"tech Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System helps the tech Computer Academy? Hypothesis Age, gender and course do not affect the variables involved in the Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System. Objectives of the Study 3 Significa nce of the Study A â€Å"Student Attendance Monitoring System†, will be used by the faculty to check easily the Attendance of the students of tech Computer Academy Inc. This proposed project will give information on how to monitor Students using this system. It will benefit the user because it aims to help the faculty easier. It also helps the Admit monitoring more efficient. Scope and Delimitation This research project will focus on the topic on Student Attendance Monitoring. The researchers came up with the approach of using database which contains a list of names, dates and time on when they arrived. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework A Student Attendance Monitoring System (SAM) is being developed to provide a reliable, secure, and efficient method of recording student attendance. The project involves two phases of IT development. The first part involves the development of SAM within SAP Student Lifestyle Management (Slam) and integration with Syllabus Plus and a scanning so lution. It also includes the development of an on-line student absence notice form with document management and appropriate workflow for approval and updating of attendance record.SAP Business Warehouse will be used to produce reports of absence including incorporation of records available in other systems (e-Portfolio and Blackboard) to enable comprehensive reporting of attendance. The second part of the project is the collection of in-class attendance data. Paradigm Input Process Output Benefits Users: Faculty Admit. Computerized Student Attendance Monitoring System. Ready to access About Students Information. The user easily monitors the students. This system provides a security here in tech Computer Academy Inc.Data: Visual Basic Database Microsoft Access Minimize the effort of the Blue Desk Focal. Device: Monitor Mouse Keyboard System Unit These hardware devices are the most important tools for easy findings information about the system. 6 Definition of terms Students- a person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning a learner. Computer- is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and automatically manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. Visual Basic- is a arrogating language developed in 1991 as a simple method of creating Graphic User Interfaces, or Guy's.Visual basic was an early example of an object-oriented programming language. The programming environment is also an easy-to-use GUI system. Icons- are the small graphical image that represents files, folder or application. Microsoft Word- or simply as WORD is a word processing application that supplies you with all the important tools that you need in creating a wide variety of documents such as memos, outlines, newsletters, etc. Word provides you a window called word window where you can create your documents. Attendance-is the act or fact of attending (being present at) work.Monitoring- is an intermittent (regular or irregular) series of observations in time, car ried out to show the extent of compliance with a formulated standard or degree of deviation from an expected norm. 7 Related literature Local Literature Saint Marry University â€Å"Students Attendance Monitoring System† Booming Uneven Vicar A computerized system that will facilitate a faster and easier checking of student's attendance during the implementation of departmental and/or institutional programs is now being utilized at the School of SIT.The system was developed BMW. Rogue B. Tabor, an IT instructor whose objectives in developing the system are the following: to make the checking of attendance easier and faster, to keep accurate records of students attendance, to eradicate or at least minimize complaints of students on erroneous data on attendance, and to inspire IT students to develop computerize systems that will make processes easier. 8 Foreign Literature The University Senate has agreed a unified University policy on attendance monitoring for all home and inter national students.This is to ensure equity of treatment across the whole student population and enable attendance monitoring to e an effective tool for identifying any problems at an early stage and offering students appropriate support. Departments are therefore required to monitor attendance and review engagement with the programmer of study, for all home and international students. Two documents entitled â€Å"SAM Policy & Guidance for Depth (with effect from 2012-13)† and â€Å"Policy Appendix: Guidance for Depth relating to Checkpoints† are available (see Downloads box on the right).Systems for Attendance Monitoring The University has developed central Student Attendance Monitoring (SAM) systems o assist departments in recording both student attendance throughout the year and student engagement at specific Check Points during the year. These systems include a Reporting Facility to assist in monitoring and reviewing student attendance/ engagement data. Further info rmation and guidance on the various systems available can be found at: http://www. Sheaf. C. UK/SD/Sam 9 Chapter Ill Methodology The â€Å"tech Computerized Students Attendance Monitoring System† aims to help the Faculty to easily monitor the studentship's Computer Academy Inc. The respondents are the students of this institution. We make a questionnaire to gather information. Research Design In this research study I used the descriptive and quantitative type of research to be obtained information among the faculty and staffs of tech Computer Academy Inc.Malicious, Panamanian. Respondent My respondents are the faculty and student of ‘Tech Computer Academy Inc. The selected respondent is composed of 186 members. Statistical Treatment For the statistical treatment, the researchers will use the frequency distribution and the percentage for the computation of the sample size. N=Sample Size n=number of the respondents E=margin of error 11 Research Design 12

The Berlin crisis

This essay will argue that the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) reached an agreement over Laos but not in Berlin because Berlin was politically important for both the US and the USSR. If ever the USSR gains Berlin, the integration of the entire Eastern Europe into the Soviet bloc will finally be accomplished. Should the US acquire Berlin, the former will have a strategic stronghold from which it can attack the USSR.In sharp contrast, the absence of an agreement over Laos will plunge both the US and the USSR into very costly wars. Nikita Khrushchev is famous for being a bold reformer who ended the brutal legacy of Stalinism and rejected the Soviet foreign policy of waging a world war with the West. His diplomacy likewise destroyed the Stalinist doctrine of isolationism that controlled the Soviet Union for decades.But Khrushchev’s reckless brinkmanship and ultimatums interspersed these positive developments, resulting in the Berlin Crisis (1958-19 62). Some political experts believe that the Berlin Crisis drove the world to the brink of a nuclear war. Prior to the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev was a dictator whose major decisions were unchallenged, particularly those related to Soviet foreign policy. Under his regime, Soviet foreign policy focused on countries and issues that affected important Soviet interests and his political expediency.â€Å"Priorities† included finalizing a German peace settlement, achieving a detente with the US, preserving and strengthening ties with the People’s Republic of China and supporting Communist movements throughout the world. Despite Khrushchev’s reformist stance, he was still determined to win the Cold War by spreading Communism across the globe. Shortly after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961, Khrushchev and US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) met at the Vienna Summit, which lasted from June 3 to June 4, 1961.The summit turned out to be a very tense affa ir. Khrushchev initially resisted JFK’s attempts to discuss Laos, saying that he was fully aware of US military intervention in the said country. But Khrushchev was in a more conciliatory mood when JFK again brought up the subject of Laos the following day. The former â€Å"agreed to work in good faith for the Geneva goals. † Khrushchev also claimed that â€Å"interested parties should be locked in a room and told to find a solution. † The agreement on Laos apparently was the sole conclusive outcome of the Vienna Summit.

Reasons Behind Colonial Settlements in North America Essay

As a whole, I believe economic development had a larger impact on colonial settlement than religious concerns, but this varies with the individual colonies. Each colony had something different to offer England and a different motive for settling. New England came about because the Puritans and Separatists wanted a place to worship free the original Church of England. Virginia, on the other hand, was established at first as a trade colony and base for gold and precious metal expeditions. The Maryland colony was founded in order to further the cultivation of certain crops like tobacco. Religion was by no means pushed away in the colonies. It was a strong and meaningful force for almost all colonists; it Just wasn’t always their driving force. England held economic control over all colonies and did not let anything get in the way of that. Virginia became an agricultural settlement that brought large amounts of money to Britain. Religion was important and valued higher than everything except money. The colony of Maryland was given by Charles I to George Calvert, whose son (Cecilius Calvert) allowed freedom of religion to all Christian settlers in the colony. That was the biggest difference between Maryland and Virginia, who both became agricultural societies fairly quickly. Indentured servants were shipped to work the fields, which created a populous community and a strong economy. New England was created for more than Just a place for the Puritans and Separatists to worship freely. Because of American influence in English lifestyle (mainly food), the population doubled, leading to high inflation, a very unbalanced wealth distribution, and a plummeting economy. As a result of overpopulation and poverty, people were drawn to North America. Among the attracted people were Puritans and Separatists, who could both escape poverty and start a new colony based off of their own religious beliefs. These people were rebels in the eyes of the English hierarchy, and therefore received much less funding and support from the government. New England evolved as more of a family friendly colony than the Chesapeake Bay colonies, which were more business and economically focused. The Chesapeake Bay colonies were established by the English government for the sole purpose of economic development, while New England was founded by religious leaders escaping English intolerance. The Massachusetts Bay Company was moved to New England, along with the addition of three thousand Puritans by the year of 1643. The area sprouted busy seaports in coastal towns and farms in agricultural. As the population grew, New England became more financially inclined. Compared to other European societies, English colonies were as equally everyday life centered as economically centered. They brought their culture, religion, and everyday life to North America. New England and the Chesapeake Bay colonies had different personalities and goals when it came to economic, religious, and settling beliefs. The economy was a focus point for both colonies, but especially the Chesapeake bay colonies, while religion was the founder of New England.

Report on the Barnhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on the Barnhouse Effect - Essay Example Dynamopsychism may be defined as the impact produced by the force of the human mind. It works with the help of energy released from the human mind. Firstly it requires a special talent or composition of the brain for a person to be potential to master this power of dynamopsychism. However every person with such talent needs at least ten years to master this art. Also this would require specific training about the technique used by the professor. As described in the report the professor initially began applying this power by trying to roll sevens with a dice. When he was successful he managed to roll ten sevens in a row. The professor realized that the same train of thought has occurred to him immediately before he managed to roll a seven. He focused on that thought train. The basic idea lies in concentration and deep thinking. When the focus is on a specific object or an action expected to be produced on the object, then human mind releases a train of energy, which finally executes t he function as desired. I think such forces are possible but offcourse special kind of training might be required for that. For instance sometimes many of might have experienced that while thinking about rain very deeply, the weather might actually become cloudy and it starts raining. Again, when something negative pricks the mind for long the ill fate might actually take place. Many individuals believe a particular dress is lucky for his or her interviews or exams because it tends to produce the same good effect in a row. If such minor effects are possible in our daily life a larger concentration of energy might lead to a greater exertion of psychic power. Aligning one’s thoughts to focus on a single object or issue is most important aspect for which human mind needs to be self-trained for sometime. Several philosphical notions have been brought forth in the report by

Democracy History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Democracy History - Essay Example Leaders are chosen to represent the citizens’ interests in parliament and hence they (parliamentarians) should be accountable for their behavior in parliament. Elected leaders should listen to the people whom they represent and address their issues as expected. Passing a law in parliament requires support of the majority although the minority rights are also protected. Democracy also requires that elections are conducted in a free and fair manner, through the adequate training of political party agents and officials who conduct the process (Spragens, 240). The role of the citizens is to be a public eye on how elected leaders are conducting themselves in office and give their opinions. It is the duty of all citizens to vote wisely, campaign for a particular candidate, protest against bad governance, and attend communal meetings. Meanwhile, participation should be voluntary and therefore devoid of coercion. In respect of democracy, all citizens are entitled to rights which shoul d not be violated by anyone. The rights are contained in the international law which comprises of freedoms that citizens must enjoy including freedom of worship, expression, movement, association, assembly and culture. They are obliged to exercise these rights without violation or discrimination while at the same time respecting the rights of others. In democracy, the rule of law protects the citizens and their rights, and helps in the maintenance of order even as it controls the powers of the government (Spragens, 240). Reason Immanuel Kant defines reason as human beings’ ability to recognize material and immaterial self identify and understand issues, distinguish between facts and fiction, and judge propositions, comments and beliefs (Kant 15). Reason defines the nature of human beings for it is concerned with thinking processes, intelligence, and cognition. It is related to the concepts of science, language, mathematics, art and psychology. The ability to reason is referre d to as rationality, hence human beings are said to be rational beings. A person who cannot reason is irrational. Therefore, according to Kant, rational beings should be able to understand themselves, distinguish between right and wrong, true and false, as well as fact and opinion. Kant maintains that the highest level of reasoning is achieved when human beings are able to establish universal laws. He says, â€Å"act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should be a universal law† (Kant 32). In a democratic society, individuals are free to accomplish their own objectives as they wish so long as they are governed by principles of reason which Kant called the ‘categorical imperative’. An action is only justified if it can fall under universal laws  in Kant’s view (Kant 30). Since reason is part of human nature, human beings have the right to live politically. Unlike other animals, human beings are the only ones endowe d with an innate capacity to acquire language and express their thoughts, ideas and feelings (Kant 34). Speech justifies what is pleasant or not, fair and unfair, or harmful and harmless. When treated fairly, human beings are the perfect animals but when denied their rights, they are the worst. When they lack morals, food and sex, they become perverse. Fair treatment is a political aspect and provision of rights is something of a societal organization. Reasoning helps people decide the type of community that is best for them (Kant, 30). Reason and

IMPERIALISM, VEBLEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMPERIALISM, VEBLEN - Essay Example Even so, the rise of World War 1 proved otherwise, by the time Veblen was writing Absentee Ownership, which he did in 1923; capitalism had done more harm than good. The financial management was poor, the cost was rising and the economy was becoming less productive and less competitive. The fruits of technology were not being realized. That is where Veblen argued that the economy or the market was organized in a way that there was a ‘free lunch’ privileges for some people. Some group of people could seize the income without really contributing to the production process. The power and ownership of property was rewarded more than labor. At this time, the economy sought to guide the economic policies and those in power only served their own interests. In his entire economic theory, Veblen is critical to the issue of imperialism, militarism, patriotism, nationalism, and emulative consumption. The greatest economist of all time analyzes capitalism as it is reflected in the lar ge corporations, financial institutions, imperialism, militarism and patriotism. He does this by looking at how society is divided into the groups; the leisure class, and the rest of the population. The leisure class is there to exploit the others while the rest of the population is characterized by workmanship which is constantly rejecting leisure group resulting in a social conflict. The social conflicts exist in much society either in form of slavery, feudalism or capitalism. As a result, the society is divided into two distinct classes (Veblen 12). In modern times, they can be termed as the exploit and the industry. The industry means innovation or creation of new things while the exploit seizing other peoples work or innovation. For that reason, to maintain the status quo, and prevent war, some form of military must be in place to ensure that war is prevented. In addition, to ensure that the power remains only on the hand of the few patriotism exist to ensure that those who sup ports the status quo are greatly rewarded. Veblen regarded patriotism as the collective expression of what he called the archaic human propensity (Veblen 165). He argued that patriotism was being used by interest of capitalism to legitimize imperialism condemned imperialism on the ground that it retarded the economic growth and it was wasteful. Emulative consumption, according to him was a personal treadmill. This means that there was no possibility of progress. There was no way possible to escape the cycle. According to him, the power to rule over the society depended on the ability to control the ideologies and the emotions of the rest of the society and that was only possible to those who controlled the modes of production. Comparison of Veblen’s Ideas about Imperialism with Each of Hobson’s, Lenin’s And Luxemburg’s Views of Imperialism Imperialism can be defined as the highest stage of capitalism. It is a concept in a left theory of politics which sho ws the aggressive nature and characteristics of modern capitalism. The term, over the time keeps changing in meaning, from the classical Marxist theory to present day. Different scholars have different meaning of what really imperialism means. Hobson, for example, explains it as a symptom of capitalist crisis. According to him, capitalism has moved beyond its competitive stage to another high level characterized by a

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Communication - Essay Example With all that background of music and dancing and my unending passion for it, I opted to visit the town of San Francisco, Japan town for the celebratory concert of the â€Å"Japan Day Festival & Bon Odori.† I figured out that this would be the perfect subculture to observe. Every community has rituals and traditions that are cultural whereby the members of an â€Å"ethnic, religious, national, or racial community,† engage in some norms that would bring out their customary heritage. These rituals or traditions could include customary practices, religious celebrations and national holidays among others that are passed on from one generation to another. â€Å"Bon-Odori,† is simply a Japanese ritual event in which a dance (Odori) is held during Obon. Conversing with a friend I met over the festival, I realized that although there were a couple of reasons that the Japanese uphold in celebrating this festival, the prime cause for celebrating this festival was to receive spirits and send them off again. It is however worth noting that the religious aspect of the event has been mostly lost (Hori, Ichiro & Kitagawa 138). Therefore in the present days, the dance is usually held as an episode that will liven up the summer festivals. The festival was set to begin as from around noon, running all the way to around 10 o’clock at night. This family friendly event featured the performances from various Japanese and international musicians and artists such as Bay Area’s leading performers in taiko, martial arts, koto and many others that created maximum entertainment throughout the festival. In addition, complimenting all the music and dancing, was a collection of Japanese and Chinese traditional delicacies, which served as an ultimate ingredient to a precisely successful musical and cultural event. The day’s weather in San Francisco seemed to be in

Computer Games as an Emerging Form of Art Essay

Computer Games as an Emerging Form of Art - Essay Example Over the past 25 years, the journey begins from two-paddles and a ball pong game to the complexity of final fantasy, and the sophistication and realism of counter strike versions. The requirement of vivid graphics, better sound, greater memory, and rapid processing has increased the consumer demand of home pc accessories and equipments. The release of new and 3D games every other day has signaled that the game designers are still having enough resources to emerge their creations as a popular art. Computer games are no more taken as a waste of time and energy. It is an emerging form of art, which still requires to be recognized, but still an art. Likewise, the computer games are discussed by the college and university students, as it is used to be for the cinema. These days, a growing number of students are having the ambition to become a game designer, rather than a filmmaker. This shows the increasing recognition of computer games these days as a profession and art. In this 21st century, our aesthetic sensibility is being shaped by this important new popular art and these games are seriously taken in today's world. The proof of its recognition is the admission of web artists and game designers, which were invited in the prestigious biannual show at New York's Whitney Museum regarding the digital art in the modern world. However, this point has not gone through the eyes of critics and one can imagine their responses to the idea that art can be something humorous, unpretentious, and playful as computer games. Therefore, they say that computer is only a tool, and maybe a new form of cultural pollution, where our kids are taught the different ways to kill their counterparts, etc. In contrary, a new lively art is represented by the computer games. It is not computer, but the art is shaped by the human creativity. A realm of experimentation without a physical risk and innovation is experienced and transformed from the computer screen aesthetically, which is accessible to everybody and anytime. That is one of the significant reasons that these games have been embraced by most of the public. However, the same path of cinema may not be taken by these games. Own artistic principles will be developed by the game designers, in order to fulfill the public's desires for interactivity and storytelling. Somehow, games provide a platform to the people, where they can have the freedom to express their emotions fairly, and can experience emotionally. Nevertheless, games do matter. Because, our children's imaginations are spark by them, by taking them to different difficult quests and making them feel the various emotions of strange worlds and stages. Games do matter, because the real world play spaces is more accessible to our kids, which used to make parents nervous and worried about their children. Nowadays, cognitive and emotional development of children and students is encouraged and supported by these computer games. The students are given the opportunities and chances to prove themselves as the best and allow them to solve the problems by their own, or with the help of their teammates. Leadership, teamwork, competition, and collaboration opportunities are formed with the help of multi-player games. The virtual

How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Dissertation

How Has The Global Financial Crisis Impacted Consumer Behaviour with Reference to The UK Car Industry - Dissertation Example h 40 3.8.2 Plagiarism 40 3.9 Chapter Review 41 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 42 Chapter 5: ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS 55 5.1 Conclusions 55 5.2 Recommendations 56 5.3 Reflections 57 REFERENCES 59 List of Figures Figure 1.3.1: Factors influencing Car Buyer Behaviour 6 Figure 2.1.1: GDP Growth in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.2: Financial Conditions and Housing Price Developments in the United Kingdom 13 Figure 2.1.3: Unemployment in the United Kingdom during the Global Financial Crisis 14 Figure 2.1.4: Seasonally Adjusted Household Final Consumption Expenditure for the UK 16 Figure 2.1.5: UK Consumer Confidence 17 Figure 2.1.6: Seasonally Adjusted Durable Goods Expenditure Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 18 Figure 2.1.7: Seasonally Adjusted Transport Growth Rates for the United Kingdom 19 Figure 2.1.8: UK Mortgage Approvals 20 Figure 2.1.9: UK Investment Risk Appetite 20 Figure 2.2.1: New and Used Car Sales in the United Kingdom 23 Figure 2.2.2: New Car Market Volume and Value in the United Kingdom 24 Figure 2.2.3: Steps that Consumers Took to Offset Rising Fuel Prices 25 Figure 4.1: New Car Registrations for Ford in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.2: New Car Registrations for Vauxhall in the United Kingdom 44 Figure 4.3: New Car Registrations for Volkswagen in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.4: New Car Registrations for BMW in the United Kingdom 45 Figure 4.5: New Car Registrations for Audi in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.6: New Car Registrations for Nissan in the United Kingdom 46 Figure 4.7: Income Distribution Level of those Contemplating Buying a Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 49 Figure 4.8: Price Paid for Current Car in the United Kingdom after End of the Global Financial Crisis 50 Figure 4.9: Factors Initiating Decision to Buy a Current Car in the United Kingdom after the End of the Global Financial Crisis 51 Figure 4.10: Number of Models Considered when Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 52 Figure 4.11: Sources of Information Used when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 53 Figure 4.12: Trade-offs when Deciding about Buying a Current Car after the End of the Global Financial Crisis in the United Kingdom 54 List of Tables Table 4.1: New Car Registrations for Various Models of Cars during the Global Financial Crisis 43 Table 4.2: Most Popular Models of Cars Sold in the United Kingdom in the Year 2010 47 Acknowledgements Declaration of Originality MASTERS DISSERTATION SUBMISSION FORM Student’s family name: First names: Student ID No: Course: Supervisor: Dissertation Title: How has the Global

Direct marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct marketing - Essay Example Technology like the internet with its email facilities, websites and mobiles enable marketers to advertise directly to customers and potential buyers (Johnson 2005). Firms find it easier to market in such a manner because this sort of marketing helps them to target only those customers who would be interested in their products. Only those customers approach the outlets that have some sort of a keen interest in the products and this helps avoid window shoppers who waste time and therefore add to costs (Hyde 2008). This also helps in directly marketing efforts in a specific direction to specified people instead of mass marketing and going haywire with advertisements splashed all over the media like the TV, radio, billboards across cities and countries requiring exorbitant budgets(Kotler 2003). Direct marketing can be carried out in several ways which include directly mailing the customer, emailing , telemarketing etc. the benefits of direct marketing are several besides those mentioned above. The data of the customers of your product can be collected and it can even be purchased. This data is traceable, track able and can really help in further researching and improving the product and marketing methods. The preferences of the customers can be known and can be helpful especially when new products are to be launched (Thornton 1995). According to Kotler (2003) the downside is that since this data can be purchased, just anyone can purchase it and thus the consumers may get mails that they don’t want and may be irritated by telemarketing phone calls. The emails that the consumers get may not even reach the consumers who may disregard such mails as junk or block them out completely. The firms marketing in such a way may not know if the prospective consumers are reading the mails or discarding them but then again it’s a risk that every form of advertising incurs (Kotler 2003). Research shows that shifting to direct

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice is a nineteenth century novel written by Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice is about a lady named Elizabeth Bennet, one of the five Bennet sisters who must marry a wealthy man, as she stumbles across the prideful Mr. Darcy. This novel is particularly interesting because it shows the overcoming of huge character flaws for love. The author, Austen, tries to stress the point about love always finding its way. Admittance of love and proposal, omitting initial prejudices, and two lovers falling in love and marriage proves the point of two people falling in love and overcoming prejudices towards those in different social classes. Omission of initial prejudices allows for people to interact more frequently leading to better relationships. Austen says, â€Å"Gave him to understand, that her sentiments had undergone so material a change since the period to which he alluded to† (354). Elizabeth, in this quote, is trying to tell Mr. Darcy that her mind has changed since his last proposal, essentially, overcoming her initial prejudice towards him and the people of his social class. Elizabeth truly loves Darcy, and that is why she has undergone such a change to prove it which also shows the supersession of her character flaw, prejudice. The novel encourages a sense of superiority over other characters† (Neckles). Christina Neckles acknowledges the fact that Mr. Darcy feels a sense of superiority over Elizabeth because of her social class. This quote relates back to the theme because as he lets go of this feeling and prejudice it enables him to truly and willingly love Elizabeth fully and vice versa for Elizabeth, she feels superior in a knowledgeable sense. â€Å"Darcys pride, which causes him to reject Elizabeth and her family, and Elizabeths resulting prejudice, which is reinforced by Wickhams false story about Darcy. (Zimmerman) This quote from Zimmerman reinforces the idea that it is Darcy’s pride and Elizabeth’s prejudiced that leads them away from each other and yet brings them together. Their relationship was tarnished because of these flaws but with the omitting of their problems it allowed to realize the loved each other. Because of Elizabeth’s strong sense of love towards Mr. Darcy, she was able to overcome her initial prejudice towards him. Admittance of love and proposal towards a person stresses the theme of love finding its way. Mr.  Darcy states, â€Å"In vain have I struggle. It will not do. My feelings will not be represses. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. †(188) Mr. Darcy is trying to tell Elizabeth that he does not want to love her but unfortunately, he cannot do anything about and he is truly in love with her. By Mr. Darcy proposing and saying this, it shows how Austen is trying to portray the fact that his love for Elizabeth, overcomes the fact that she is in a lower social class. â€Å"Darcy’s letter is not persuaded to change her opinion† (Soni). Mr.  Darcy’s letter of his admittance of love was a huge swallowing of pride towards Elizabeth, and this quote shows how Elizabeth still upholds her pride. Although the letter towards Elizabeth temporarily leaves her confused about Mr. Darcy, this is the turning point and crisis in the book where love starts to find its way. â€Å"Elizabeths attachment to Darcy results from the clarification of her vision, not from the modification of her values; consequently, the view that the novel suggests a blending of two contrasting value systems, two extremes searching for a middle† (Zimmerman). This quotes says that since Darcy’s extreme pride and Elizabeth’s extreme prejudice, they found love and a common place in the middle of their matters. Their love and admittance of love is found because they despise each other so much that they meet in the middle. Through Mr. Darcy’s proposal, and letter, it proves that his love for Elizabeth is strong enough to overthrow his pride and also his prejudice towards her, and her social class. People, falling in love and getting married even further proves the theme of love finding its way. Elizabeth says, â€Å"Gave him to understand, that her sentiments had undergone so material a change since the period to which he alluded to† (354). Elizabeth says here that she accepts Mr. Darcy’s proposal and she would like to marry him. Mr. Darcy overcame his pride and proposed to Elizabeth, and she overcame her prejudice of Darcy and said yes. â€Å" But when Elizabeth decides to marry Darcy, there is finality to her Judgment. (Soni) This quote is showing how her judgment of Darcy has come to an end, the matter of social class difference no longer is of concern to the two lovers. This quote also proves that love always finds its way regardless of personal pride and social classes. â€Å"I always had a value for him. Were it for nothing but his love of you, I must always have esteemed him† (Morgan). This quote relates to the marriage and love Elizabeth has for Darcy which relates to love finding its way. She always had a â€Å"value† for him which shows she always cared but didn’t know how to show it. By the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth, it supports the theme of love finding its way, regardless of social class and pride. Love between two people will always find its way, regardless of personal pride, and also regardless of the prejudices we bestow on the people of a different social class. Now, and even back then, the â€Å"class† we are put into is essential to who we associate ourselves with and who we marry as a result. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen proves that those in a different social class can fall in love and get married.

Financial Control Auditing Essay Example for Free

Financial Control Auditing Essay If you use a computer to record your business activity and maintain this data electronically, you are a candidate for an electronic audit. * What are the Benefits of e-Auditing? †¢It saves time – Electronic audits are completed much faster than traditional, manual audits. Company personnel and tax auditors spend less time working on the audit. †¢It saves paper – Electronic tax auditing reduces the amount of paper normally needed during the audit. †¢It is less disruptive to business – Electronic audits permit tax auditors to work at the tax office most of the time. Computer-assisted tax audit techniques reduce on-site audit time. In this way, there is minimal interference with the normal business of your company. †¢It is more efficient – More efficient techniques for reviewing taxpayer information are used in electronic audits. * The process of e-Auditing? To corporate taxpayers: 1- The preparatory stage begins when a tax auditor contacts the company. 2- He then familiarizes himself with the accounting system of the company, and negotiates with company managers responsible for accounting and finance. 3- They make agreements on when and how the electronic material should be delivered to the tax authority, and what copies of files should be created for the purpose. The tax auditor receives the files and converts them into a special database format used by the Finnish Tax Administration. 5- Later, the chief auditor and the company management will discuss the time schedule of the on-site tax audit, i. e. the part of the tax examination that takes place on company premises. * What are the Auditor†™s Responsibilities towards e-Auditing? Our tax auditors have received special training on information technology; they are aware of information security considerations and work under strict rules of confidentiality. Their PC and laptop workstations are protected and secure. They store the original material in a locked cabinet, and they make sure that the work files created from the company-supplied electronic materials are removed from the computers immediately after the audit. Depending on what has been agreed, physical data media (CDs etc. ) will either be returned to the company or destroyed. After the tax authority has issued the assessment decision or tax debiting decision, any files saved in Tax Administration systems will be deleted. The company will receive a message confirming the deletion. The use of expert systems in e-Auditing As computer power is enhanced and auditors are faced with making decisions in more complex environments, some accounting firms have begun to develop expert systems to assist their personnel in the audit process, An expert system is a complex system of computer progams that models the decision process of a human experts. The psychological methods used to gain an understanding of the human experts decision process and conversion of this decision process into mathematical equations and computer programs are fair beyond the scope of this text. Legal Authority The right of the Finnish Tax Administration to receive computer files for the purposes of audit is based on the following tax laws:  § 14, Act on Assessment Procedure (1558/1995),  § 3, Ordinance on Assessment Procedure,  § 169, Value Added Tax Act (1501/1993),  § 10, VAT Ordinance, and  § 37, Prepayment Act (1118/1996). The Decision of 26 Jan 1998 (no 47/1998) of the Ministry of Trade and Industry concerns bookkeeping methods. The first section of this Decision concerns the use of computer automation in accounting. The Accounting Board has issued an official instruction on 22 May 2000 on the implementation of the provisions of the Decision. These instructions include more specific rules on the use of information technology in accounting. In the interest of expediency during tax audits, the Finnish Tax Administration urges corporate taxpayers to follow the recordkeeping rule of six years. In other words, full documentation showing each transaction separately including its entries in accounting records should be kept for six years after the closing of the accounting period. These records also include auxiliary documentation, and they are to be kept in a legible format. * Rules on recordkeeping and reproduction of data Companies are requested to keep the following files and details in a machine-sensible, software-independent format. They should cover the entire time periods to be audited: 1. Journal-type file of the accounting system listing each transaction separately , including the following detailed facts if applicable for the company: †¢Company number, business unit number †¢Document type Sequential number of the accounting voucher/document, which should be the same number as that of the original receipt, voucher or other document found in the books. †¢Date of accounting document / Date of transaction / Accounting period †¢Account number †¢Cost center number †¢Amount in euros (marks), amount in foreign currency, code of currency †¢Descriptions of accounting entries – several descriptions are accepted †¢ Project no, investment no, process no, product no etc. †¢Customer no, supplier no †¢VAT code †¢Any other data fields that help identify the transaction. . Additional files in case the names (of accounts or of cost centers) are not included in the accounting transactions files: †¢Chart of accounts showing every account used during the period, including account name and account number. †¢Lists of cost centers (and their numbers and names) used during various years. †¢Lists showing details of project numbers, investment numbers, process numbers, product numbers etc. used during various years †¢Lists showing VAT codes (with explanations) used during various years †¢Lists of accounting voucher types used Lists showing the sequences of sequential numbers used by the accounting system (can be delivered on paper instead of a computer file) †¢Registers of suppliers and registers of customers, as a computer file, including at least the following facts: ? Business IDs and European VAT numbers ?Customer no, supplier no ?Name ?Address ?Postal code ?Country code 3. Other details: †¢Specifications of records, descri bing each delivered file. †¢Detailed versions of balance sheet (showing each account separately) for the accounting periods to be audited. †¢Model list printed on paper, to show the eginning of the accounting transaction list file, in case numerical fields have been zipped / compressed. * What are the Permissible file types? The files should consist of fixed-length consecutive strings and be free of software-specific characters (and they should not be backup files). Accounting transactions and additional files such as charts of accounts and lists of cost centers should be delivered to us on a physical data medium, which is usually a CD or DVD. The following technical information is mandatory : * Encoding (ascii / ebcdic) Existence of zipped/compressed data elements (please unzip/uncompress) * Number of records * Length of records. If the company cannot deliver the accounting system files where transactions are primarily recorded, tax auditors can alternatively utilize repo rting files or list files. Accounting systems create reporting files and transaction lists associated with the general ledger and journal, accounts receivable and accounts payable What are the Pros and Cons of both manual and E-audit? (Conclusion) There are pros and cons to both the manual and electronic audits. The manual chart review is more time consuming and is subject to both the benefits and liabilities of requiring human judgment during the audit process. The electronic audit is much quicker, although it requires time and attention to careful set up before the first audit can be run. E-audits are independent of human judgment since determinations are made by internally programmed computer logic and are therefore more consistent than manual audits. Their accuracy is more subject to proper PCC documentation, coding and data entry issues. More and more facilities are opting to perform e-audits due to the time savings and ease of performing regular periodic audits once the initial setup has been completed. We encourage the use of electronic audits whenever feasible. For facilities wishing to transition from a manual to an electronic audit, it is imperative that they initially run simultaneous manual and e-audits to compare the results. In theory, the results from the manual and e-audit should be quite similar. If the results of one or more of the audit elements are significantly different, an investigation into the reason(s) for the difference needs to be undertaken.

What Is Electronic Communication?

What Is Electronic Communication? Compared with the old days, the seventies and eighties, when communication between people was done either face to face, by hand written letter, or by telephone, the modern world is full of electronic communication devices which allow mankind to communicate with one another instantaneously. Today, many people wonder how on earth they, or their predecessors, ever coped without instant communication. This report will help to show the various types of electronic communication methods, why they are used and by whom, and the pros and cons of having and using electronic communication. Electronic Communication allows a person to combine many types of media such as graphics, text, video, and voice into one single message. It is also specific to the person or persons that you are communicating with. Electronic communication is a two-way 3 method of communicating, where the person that one is communicating with receives the message immediately and has the opportunity to reply to the message and the message sender immediately as well. Electronic Communication can be broken down into three categories, each with its own three subcategories What is Electronic Communication? A definition of Electronic Communication Types of Electronic Communication The Electronic Privacy Act Why use Electronic Communication? How it can help you. How it helps the environment Who uses electronic communication? The Pros and Cons of using Electronic Communication Electronic Communication Etiquette The risks of using Electronic Communication The benefits of using Electronic Communication What is Electronic Communication? Definitions. There are many definitions on the Web: communication by computer wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn 4 Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, this may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums, semaphore, flags or heliograph. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_communication communication which is transferred electronically en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electronic_communication has the meaning given by the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 . austlii.law.uts.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/hefa1988221/s3.html Types of Electronic Communication. There are many different types of electronic communication devices. They include: cell phones, fax machines, pagers to receive phone numbers, citizens band radio used by farmers to receive weather reports, computers (desktop and laptop), and hand-held PDAs to write down information for later retrieval. Within some of these devices, such as cell phones and computers, there are communication devices which people use to communicate back and forth with business and social contacts across the world. These are the Internet, e-mail services, chat rooms, electronic billboards such as those in Times Square New 5 York, instant messaging devices such as Facebook chat and Instant Messenger, and business and social chat areas such as Facebook, Twitter, My Space and My Business space, and a video communication and conference system named Skype where people can see each other on the screen while they talk. You can hold inexpensive video conferences or press conferences from your desk, or conference with people at several desks located across the world. Why Use Electronic Communications? Potomac Knowledgeway. http://www.knowledgeway.org/living/communications/homepage.html The Electronics Communications Privacy Act This is a law, enacted in 1986, which sets out the provisions for access, use, disclosure, interception and privacy protections of electronic communications. It covers various forms of electronic and wire communications and it prohibits unlawful access and certain disclosures of communications contents. It comes under Title 18 of the U.S. Code. AOL Legal Department. http://legal.web.aol.com/resources/legislation/ecpa.html 6 Why use Electronic Communication? How it can help you? Electronic communication is not just new tools for communication but also new ways to communicate. Electronic communication is interactive so you can engage with your audience much better. This is achieved through using pictures, sounds, graphics, videos, and all of these can be combined into one single message. Also, the communication is often immediate (texts, chats, instant messaging, Skype video) and it is two-way i.e. there is a back and forth conversation. Fax machines allow one to send and receive printed matter almost immediately. The most important thing is that these electronic communication devices allow you to communicate immediately with anyone across the whole world. How it helps the environment. Electronic communication has cut down on the excessive use of paper products (fax machines being the only exception), thereby reducing the number of trees needing to be cut down and also reducing the amount of paper being burnt into the atmosphere. Many of these devices also take pictures which can be put on a disk, thereby reducing the chemical usage from picture development. The Internet stores huge amounts of information so fewer books and newspapers are being produced. This also cuts down on paper, ink and chemicals that are used, so less waste product is going into the ground. 7 This in turn cuts down on the huge landfills that are needed to hold all the waste that was generated from paper products. Another thing is that one doesnt need lead or ink to write down the information it is done by pressing a button. There is less chance of lead products making people sick or inks making a mess. Teachers and students also dont have to purchase pens and pencils which then need to be disposed of which is a biological hazard and harmful to the environment. Who uses electronic communication? Electronic communication is expanding throughout the world. From young school age children through Grandparents, almost anyone you speak with has an electronic communication device of some sort. Large business have the most types since they rely on these communication devices to conduct business and communicate with their contacts. But the average American family will have at least a cell phone or a computer in their home. Poorer families and third world countries might not have these devices but the opportunity to own them or have access to them is increasing. For example Internet Cafes which offer paid usage of their computers. 8 The Pros and cons of using Electronic Communication Electronic Communication Etiquette. There are several points to consider when using electronic communication. These include: speed of generation, transmission and response to messages; the permanence of messages they can be deleted or stored for years; the cost of distribution: messages can go to many people or just one at the same cost; accessibility there is a problem with sending too much correspondence; security and privacy: messages usually get to the right recipient but they can be intercepted due to incorrect addressing and/or perusal by unauthorized people; sender authenticity: people can alter whom the message comes from; using the appropriate degree of formality when writing so that it doesnt embarrass you later; summarizing what you are responding to and sing quotes when possible; keep messages short and to the point; formatting messages so that they can be read easily; be careful when using sarcasm and humor and be careful with anger; be careful what you say about others; be aware that not all devices are the same and other peoples machines may not operate the same way; respect copyright and license agreements; be responsible for what you post. The risks of using electronic communication By using electronic mail, USENET news groups, electronic bulletin board systems, irc, chat, and so forth, you can make a fool of yourself to many strangers rapidly. 9 Sending an electronic message is a lot more permanent than saying something; long after your feelings change, the words are still there. The Risks of electronic Communication by Tom Van Vleck http://www.multicians.org/thvv/emailbad.html Much of what I discussed in the topic above can be said here. The bottom line is that writing/posting/texting words when you are angry, drunk, upset, being personal or plain stupid can backfire and be used against you. Another risk is that one tends to lose the opportunity for face to face communication, and electronic communication does not allow the recipient to see the senders body language or intonation of the message. The skill of letter writing has also gone away. Also, as we become more and more computerized, we are spending more and more time on our electronic gadgets and answering the flood of electronic communication and less time having conversations with one another or reading a book. Also, the art of being able to spell is going away. Text language and short versions of words are taking over (brb for example or lol) and some students have lost the skill of writing a sentence or even an essay. This is not a good thing. Also, business people have two sets of communication devices one for the office and business contacts and another for friends and family. There is a cost to all of this too. Although cell phones and fax machines are getting cheaper, there is still a monthly maintenance cost and the cost of replacement and upgrades to consider. My family spends over $400 per month on cell phones and wireless air cards!! 10 The benefits of using electronic communication. When used sensibly and for the purpose intended, electronic communication can serve many purposes. Obviously the ability to instantly communicate is at the top of the list since many of us like an answer immediately. A second benefit is the cost, in that you can reach many people at once with the same message. No more paper, stamps and a trip to the post office. World-wide instant communication and the ability to have business conferences and talks is probably at the top of the list for companies wishing to do well in the world economic market. Another benefit is one of being able to reach people (our kids for one) wherever they may be. There are safety features attached to this too because one can dial 911 and get help right away. There are, however, still some places in the world that are unreachable by electronic communication devices. Another benefit is that we can now multitask. For example, while instant messaging on facebook, a stockbroker can watch the market on-line and buy and sell shares. Conclusion In conclusion, our world has come a very long way since the days of the telegraph and the rotary dial phone these can now only be found in museums!! Cell phones on kids, teens, adults and the elderly are almost commonplace. Many families also have home computers, students have laptops for college and some homes have fax machines and 2-way radios. The age of instant communication is here, and only our grandparents and our parents can remember life before cell phones and computers. The only way that I communicate with my friends, aside 11 from when I see them face to face, is by cell phone or e-mail or Facebook. I hardly ever write a letter (except as a thank-you note!) Having studied this topic in more depth, I have come to realize that we are all now very reliant on this instant communication. There are certainly many benefits to it all, such as speed and ease of communication, cost ( usage) and the ability to reach contacts across the world as well as download information. But there are also some risks t00- cost of purchase and maintenance for one, as well as the opportunity for misuse and abuse, and also the increased amount of time being spent communicating when one could be having a family conversation or reading a book or writing a letter. Hopefully, based upon this report, people will see that even though electronic communication has helped improve communication speed, the art of face to face conversation and the ability to write and spell are still important skills that we need to maintain in our society. .

Network Administration Essay -- Computer Science

Network Administration I have worked as a computer network administrator for over 5 years. I have worked mostly with networks in a mixed Microsoft Windows NT and Novell Netware environment. I am a Novell Certified Novell Engineer (CNE) and I am a certified Novell GroupWise Administrator. I have taken classes in configuration of Cisco routers. In this essay, I will discuss the definition of a network administrator, the tasks and responsibilities of a network administrator and share a day in the life of a network administrator. For documentation on my credentials, I am including my certification certificates. What is a Network Administrator? A network administrator is one who maintains and troubleshoots your computer systems. Depending on the size of your organization and the complexity of your technology, a network administrator's job can range from ten hours per week to full time. There are some obvious network administration tasks, such as installing or upgrading system software and managing user accounts and disks space, so you probably have some idea of what an administrator does. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is a consortium of telecommunications companies worldwide who have, among other things, defined a series of recommendations that describe how a telecommunications management network (TMN) should be operated. The ITU members have adopted a model of management functions that I think is of interest to us because it provides a framework that we can use to understand the role of the network administrator. This function model is often referred to as the FCAPS model after the initials of each of the major functions it describes. TMN function Naive description Fault Management: Fixing what is broken. Configuration Management: Controlling the operational parameters of something so it works the way you want. Accounting Management: Knowing who is using how much of what, and maybe billing them for it. Performance Management: Making sure it all works acceptably quickly. Security Management: Controlling who can do what. The idea is that just about any network management task can be said to belong to one of those management functions. For example, plugging a patch-lead back in after it has fallen out is fault management, introducing a firewall onto your network is a security management t... ...workstation can be put back in service elsewhere, the administrator would possibly format the drives (effectively erasing all the previous data) and reassign the workstation in a position that is less demanding than the previous one. I have found that installation of new workstations not only makes the end user more productive, but generally the task of administering the workstation is easier because of the improvement in technology i.e. newer operating system. Some administrators have found it useful to sue a procedure called "ghosting" to speed up the process of setting up multiple new workstations. When this process, a workstation is configured with general setting sufficient for most users. Special software is used to "copy" an image of that configuration. When a new workstation or workstations is needed to be configured the imaged is then copied to the hard drive. For this procedure to work, the workstation must have the same or very similar hardware as the original workstation the image was copies from. Otherwise there will be multiple errors and the administrator will spend time more correcting errors than he/she would have doing the configuration manually.

Rape - A Community Problem :: Overpower Dominate Humiliate Women

Rape - A Community Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on the social and cultural conditions that intensify or perpetuate rape. The causes and reasons for rape are deeply entrenched in our social structure. We can explore some of the motivations and circumstances which lead men to rape. We have learned that some men rape out of anger and a need to overpower, dominate, and humiliate. We can also look at some of the historical attitudes from which today's beliefs and stereotypes have evolved. However, we must look beyond both rapists' motivations and history if we are to truly understand the act of rape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why does rape exist and what causes it? What is it about our society that makes rape one of the fastest growing violent crimes in this country? One way we have tried to deal with this problem is through rape prevention. These techniques are very important in decreasing the vulnerability of individuals, but in order to eliminate the occurrence of rape from our society, we must first examine its causes more deeply so that we can take collective action. We must understand the sociology of rape in order to effectively work towards the elimination of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the necessity for rape prevention, it must focus on eliminating the conditions in society which make women easy targets for rape. Victim control teaches women to avoid rape, but doesn't reduce the threat of rape. Furthermore, rape cannot always be avoided, no matter what precautions the woman takes. It also puts part of the responsibility and blame for rape on the victim. Rapist control confuses prosecutions with prevention. There is little evidence that punishment serves as a deterrent. Besides, very few rapist are ever incarcerated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From very early ages, men and women are conditioned to accept different roles. Women are raised to be passive and men are raised to be aggressive. We are conditioned to accept certain attitudes, values and behaviors. Our conditioning is continuously and relentlessly encouraged and reinforced by the popular media, cultural attitudes and the educational system. The media is a major contributor to gender-based attitudes and values. The media provides women with a complete list of behaviors that precipitate rape. Social training about what is proper, as well as what is powerful and macho, teaches women to be victims and men to be aggressors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The high incidence of rape in this country is a result of the power imbalance between men and women. Women are expected to assume a subordinate relationship to men. Consequently, rape can be seen as a logical extension of the typical interactions between women and men. Women's vulnerability to rape

Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate Introduction During a chemical reaction, particles collide with each other. This collision causes certain bonds to break and new ones to be formed. A certain amount of energy is needed to allow a reaction to take place. This is called the activation energy; it’s the minimum quantity of energy that is required. There are certain factors that can affect the rate of reaction. These are surface area, temperature, concentration and catalysts. The surface area is a very big factor in the rate of reaction. Reactions only occur on the surface, because this is where the collisions will occur. If a solid is broken into smaller pieces, the surface area is increased. This leaves more area where the reaction can take place, thus increasing the rate. If the reactant is in the form of one large solid, the reaction will take longer, therefore decreasing the rate. The temperature is also a major factor. When the temperature increases, the particles consequently heat up. This causes the kinetic energy in them to increase, therefore they move around faster. This means that the rate in which they collide with one another will increase. By increasing the concentration of something, more particles are introduced in the same volume. This would mean that the likelihood of collisions will increase. This would increase the rate of reaction. On the opposite angle, the lower the concentration, the less chance of collisions. Therefore the rate of reaction will decrease. Catalysts can be found in the form of transition metals. These speed up the rate of reaction. However, the catalysts themselves are not used up. Aim Our aim is to see how the change in concentration of hydrochloric acid might affect the rate at which it reacts with sodium theosulphate. Prediction When sodium theosulphate and hydrochloric acid react together, many products are created. Na2 S2 O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) Ã   2NaCl (aq) +H2O (l) + SO2 (aq) +S (s) The equation above shows all the products of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium theosulphate. The products are sodium chloride (aqueous solution), water (liquid), sulphur dioxide (aqueous solution) and sulphur (solid). The sulphur, being a solid, turns to liquid cloudy and opaque. A certain amount of sodium is needed to turn the solution cloudy enough to be opaque. Increasing the concentration of a liquid increases the amount of particles; therefore there will be more successful collisions. Because of this, more sulphur will be produced. Overall, the higher the concentration, the more sulphur will be produced. Therefore, the liquid will become opaque quicker. I predict that my graph will look like this (below) when I plot the Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation Rates of Reaction - The concentration of hydrochloric acid and the rate of reaction with sodium theosulphate Introduction During a chemical reaction, particles collide with each other. This collision causes certain bonds to break and new ones to be formed. A certain amount of energy is needed to allow a reaction to take place. This is called the activation energy; it’s the minimum quantity of energy that is required. There are certain factors that can affect the rate of reaction. These are surface area, temperature, concentration and catalysts. The surface area is a very big factor in the rate of reaction. Reactions only occur on the surface, because this is where the collisions will occur. If a solid is broken into smaller pieces, the surface area is increased. This leaves more area where the reaction can take place, thus increasing the rate. If the reactant is in the form of one large solid, the reaction will take longer, therefore decreasing the rate. The temperature is also a major factor. When the temperature increases, the particles consequently heat up. This causes the kinetic energy in them to increase, therefore they move around faster. This means that the rate in which they collide with one another will increase. By increasing the concentration of something, more particles are introduced in the same volume. This would mean that the likelihood of collisions will increase. This would increase the rate of reaction. On the opposite angle, the lower the concentration, the less chance of collisions. Therefore the rate of reaction will decrease. Catalysts can be found in the form of transition metals. These speed up the rate of reaction. However, the catalysts themselves are not used up. Aim Our aim is to see how the change in concentration of hydrochloric acid might affect the rate at which it reacts with sodium theosulphate. Prediction When sodium theosulphate and hydrochloric acid react together, many products are created. Na2 S2 O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) Ã   2NaCl (aq) +H2O (l) + SO2 (aq) +S (s) The equation above shows all the products of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium theosulphate. The products are sodium chloride (aqueous solution), water (liquid), sulphur dioxide (aqueous solution) and sulphur (solid). The sulphur, being a solid, turns to liquid cloudy and opaque. A certain amount of sodium is needed to turn the solution cloudy enough to be opaque. Increasing the concentration of a liquid increases the amount of particles; therefore there will be more successful collisions. Because of this, more sulphur will be produced. Overall, the higher the concentration, the more sulphur will be produced. Therefore, the liquid will become opaque quicker. I predict that my graph will look like this (below) when I plot the

Divisional Hurdle Rates – Randolph Corporation

Introduction The Randolph Corporation is a multidivisional producer of electric sanders, sandpaper, industrial grinders and sharpeners, and coated ceramics. The Corporation also has a real estate development division. The diverse product lines of the company divide the corporation into four divisions, namely, real estate, ceramic coatings, equipment manufacturing and home products. The Randolph Corporation Stock performed below expectations recently, when compared to other player in the industry. The company’s main problem is believed to lie in the financial planning processes and in the risk consideration.To tackle these problems the assistant to the firm’s vice president suggests a target capital structure of 45% debt in every division and differing hurdle rated for low, average, and high risk projects. This paper critically reviews the different suggested measures and finally proposes measures that should be taken to improve the performance of the Randolph Corporatio n. Divisional Hurdle Rates To estimate the hurdle rates for every division of the Randolph Corporation that weighted average cost of capital (WACC) have to be calculated for every division. To apply the formula of the WACC the costs of equity have to be known.The cost of equity can be determined through the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The results for every division’s equity cost and the computation of the hurdle rates can be seen in the Appendix. The divisions with higher risk have higher weighted average cost of capital. WACC/Hurdle Rate Real Estate9. 19% Ceramic Coatings10. 24% Equipment Manufacturing10. 55% Home Products9. 34% Fig. 1: Hurdle rate per division To account for different levels of risks between the company’s projects the assistant of the vice president suggested an inclusion of different levels of risk within every division’s capital budgeting procedure.Managers in the divisions are asked to classify projects as high, average or low risk. Rather risky projects will hereafter be evaluated at a hurdle rate of 1. 2 multiplied by the divisional rate, projects of average risk are to be evaluated at just the divisional rate while low risk projects have a hurdle rate of 0. 9 multiplied by the divisional rate. This produced the following rates, as shown in figure 2. WACC/Hurdle Rate Low RiskAverage RiskHigh Risk Real Estate8. 27%9. 19%11. 02% Ceramic Coatings9. 22%10. 24%12. 29% Equipment Manufacturing9. 49%10. 55%12. 66% Home Products8. 0%9. 34%11. 20% Fig. 2: Hurdle rate per division and risk level At this time the risk adjustment factors discussed here must be reviewed with a critical eye. Accoring to Brigham & Daves (2007), there is no theory that could serve as a foundation of justification for the size these risk-adjustment factors. The authors say that there is no specific value that can be assigned to accurately adjust for the risk and therefore determine higher or lower discount rates. Corporate Beta & Cost of Capi tal Taking a weighted average of the four divisional betas gives the overall corporate beta.The corporate beta is therefore affected by changes of the divisional weights and by changes of the individual beta of the particular divisions. The two following scenarios will illustrate this issue. The Corporate beta increases if the ceramic coating division had a large number of projects with returns exceeding the risk adjusted hurdle rates. When the growth rate of the coatings division surpasses the overall corporate growth rate the division’s assets and thereby its weight will increase moving the corporate beta closer to the beta of the ceramic coatings division.Since the cost of equity rise with increases of beta, the larger corporate beta should also raise the corporate cost of capital (WACC). How strong such changes are to be is however determined by capital structure and weights on other departments. The corporate beta also increases when the equipment manufacturing division makes heavy investments in projects that are deemed to be more risky than average. Investments in risky projects in the division would raise the division’s beta and could then eventually also increase the overall corporate beta, which lets the overall cost of capital rise.It can take some time for the effects of the risky investments to really be visible in the corporate beta. When this happens depends on the analysis frequencies and on the methods that are employed for beta estimation. It can take time until analysts notice the change in the corporate risk profile because they first need to see the higher volatility of returns of the company. Capital Structure Mrs Barbara Kravitz states to use the corporate target capital structure of 45 percent debt for each division.Hence, this unique capital structure implies not to account for different application and management in the several divisions. Moreover, some divisions can be threatened not being competitive in their market. T his is, because divisions operate in diverse markets with differing market conditions. So the risks are not assigned to the divisions of the company but to the corporate average. For instance, low-risk divisions have to accept higher a higher cost of capital, whereby high-risk divisions have to pay less for their risk relative to the market, i. . this approach does not account for risk-adjusted cost of capital. Considering another approach, divisions can issue their own debt, but the corporation guarantees the divisional debt. It is not a great difference to the Kravitz-approach. When the corporation guarantees the divisional debt, this debt can be supposed as to â€Å"as-if†-debt, i. e. divisional debt will be issued as if it would be issued by the whole corporation. Therefore, the capital structure is not as equal as with the above mentioned approach, but quite similar.There is no big difference in the cost of capital for each division, because they do not bear the risk. Co st of capital depends on who bears the risk. Hence, the divisions’ costs of capital are very close to each other. But when each division is handled as an own and independent organization that rises its own debt, the cost of capital only depends on this special risk of the underlying division. In this case the divisions have the opportunity to achieve the optimal capital structure based on the risk of the division. This risk can be called as stand-alone risk and the beta coefficient can easily be calculated.Concerning stand-alone risk, investors may have a higher risk relative to the approach with corporate guarantees, but the division has to pay a higher WACC as well. Beta Value – Market Risk Analysis The outcome of beta estimation is always the historical beta, which offers no future perspective for sure. That is because past events included in the historical beta must not occur in the future. According to Brigham & Daves (2007), beta usually can be estimated through the relationship of company’s stock returns and market returns.Difficulties in estimating beta can arise, if there are differing holding periods and variations in the number of observations included in the estimation. Another problem is the multitude of indexes that represent the similar or quite the same stocks, for example S&P 500 or Wilshire 5000. Despite these indexes are highly correlated, beta estimations can differ. Some modifications of the beta coefficient are the adjusted beta and the fundamental beta. The former tries to transform the historical beta closer to an average beta of 1. 0.The latter seeks to incorporate information concerning the company to achieve a better estimate for beta. Moreover, beta values out of less-developed financial markets are not good estimates and therefore partly biased. Problems in estimating beta for divisions of a corporations could arise if the divisions are too small and therefore can be compared with less-developed financial marke ts. Hence, beta coefficients could be biased (Brigham & Daves, 2007). Thus we can suggest that beta values are very inconsistent and partly biased. Beta Value – Total Risk AnalysisFirst, the beta value is known as an estimation for the market risk a corporation is faced to. Therefore, it is difficult to find beta for the total risk of the corporation. Total risk is actually measured by the variance or the standard deviation, respectively. So, if one tries to find beta for total risk, it is also possible to calculate the WACC or the hurdle rates for each division, respectively, because there is a high correlation between divisional betas and project’s betas. The latter can be estimated through a Monte Carlo analysis.The resulting estimates for the variance of the projects can be included in the following formula for beta: ? _i=(? _i/? _M )*? _iM So one gets different beta values for different projects, with what it is possible to calculate the hurdle rates in two steps. First step is to insert the beta in the CAPM to receive the expected return, and second, to calculate the WACC with the new return (Brigham & Daves, 2007). Compensation Plan Randolph’s compensation plan cannot work out very well, because the corporation issues a uniform debt ratio in its capital structure.Therefore, some divisions cannot compete with other business rivals if there are no opportunities to raise the debt ratio for the division. That is, divisional manager are not able to compete with the market and therefore cannot create a high growth in sales or earnings. As the reaction of Debra Brown from the Real Estate Division has shown, this division faces troubles if the debt ratio of 45 percent will be implemented to the corporation. The problem is the unique capital structure for the whole corporation that is not consistent with the incentive-based compensation plan.Some divisions that do not need a high debt ratio to compete with the market could have a benefit as well as divisional managers will have an advantage to earn more relative to other divisions. So, Randolph should change its capital budgeting procedure in order to enable divisional managers the issuing of debt on their own. With this approach, some interdependences in the corporation would disappear and the divisional managers could concentrate on their division, while not being limited in doing their job. Additional to that, Randolph should also adjust its compensation plan, because division’s ROE strongly varies among the divisions.That is, because with the new implemented approach in capital budgeting the divisions face differing target capital structures. Thus, they also have differing opportunities to achieve a high or a low ROE. This incentive could be substituted by return on investment (ROI). Divisional managers now have a higher incentive to seek the goals given by the senior management. Conclusion To come to an end, one can see how differing hurdle rates and diffic ulties in estimating beta coefficient can lead to problems in capital budgeting as well as disparities in the compensation.Moreover, also the accounting for different risks can influence the calculations for WACC and therefore the hurdle rates. Some approaches cannot be calculated and are based on individual judgments (high/low risk hurdle rates). Finally, an appropriate incentive-based compensation plan can increase manager’s motivation on the one hand, and project management or divisional management, respectively, on the other hand. ? Reference List Bringham, E. , & Daves, P. (2007). Intermediate Financial Management. 9th Edition, Thomson South-Western. Mason Ohio Divisional Hurdle Rates. (1994). Randolph Corporation . The Dryden Press.

Succubus Blues EPILOGUE

â€Å"Casey's out sick,† Paige told me briskly, putting on her coat. â€Å"So you'll probably have to cover for her on the registers.† â€Å"It's no problem.† I leaned against her office wall. â€Å"Keeps things interesting, you know?† Pausing, she gave me a brief smile. â€Å"I really appreciate you coming in like this – on such short notice.† She patted her stomach absentmindedly. â€Å"I'm sure it's nothing, but I've had this pain all day – â€Å" â€Å"No, it's fine. Go. You have to take care of yourself. You have to take care of both of you.† She smiled at me again, picking up her purse and walking to the door. â€Å"Doug's skulking around here somewhere if you need help, so make him do it. Hmm†¦ there was one other thing I needed to tell you†¦ Oh yeah – there's something for you in your office. I left it on your chair.† Butterflies shot through my stomach at her words. â€Å"W-what is it?† â€Å"You'll have to see. I've got to go.† I followed Paige out of her office and turned uncertainly into my own. The last thing left on my chair had been an envelope from Roman, one more piece in his twisted game of love and hate. Oh God, I thought. I knew it wouldn't be as easy as Carter had said. Roman's back, starting it all up again, waiting for me to – I stared, swallowing a gasp. The Glasgow Pact sat on my chair. Gingerly, I picked up the book, handling it like fine china. It was my copy, the one I had given Seth to sign over a month ago. I'd forgotten all about it. Opening up the inside cover, I saw lavender rose petals fall out. There were only a handful of them, but they were more precious to me than any of the bouquets I'd received this month. Trying to catch them, I read: To Thetis, Long overdue, I know, but very often the things we most desire come only after much patience and struggle. That is a human truth, I think. Even Peleus knew that. – Seth â€Å"He's back, you know.† â€Å"Huh?† I looked up from the baffling inscription to see Doug leaning against the doorframe. He nodded toward my book. â€Å"Mortensen. He's up in the cafe again, typing away as usual.† I closed the book, holding it tightly with both hands. â€Å"Doug†¦ are you up on your Greek mythology?† He snorted. â€Å"Don't insult me, Kincaid.† † Thetisand Peleus†¦ they were Achilles' parents, right?† â€Å"Indeed they were,† he told me, smug with the confidence of his area of expertise. For my part, I was simply puzzled. I didn't really get the inscription or understand why Seth would reference the Trojan War's greatest warrior. â€Å"Do you know the rest?† Doug asked me expectantly. â€Å"What? That Achilles was a dysfunctional psychopath? Yeah, I know that.† â€Å"Well, yeah, everyone knows that. I mean the really cool part. About Thetis and Peleus.† I shook my head, and he continued, professor-like, † Thetiswas a sea nymph, and Peleus was a mortal who loved her. Only, when he went to woo her, she was a real bitch about it.† â€Å"How so?† â€Å"She was a shape-shifter.† I nearly dropped the book. â€Å"What?† Doug nodded. â€Å"He approached her, and she turned into all sorts of shit to scare him off – wild animals, forces of nature, monsters, whatever.† â€Å"What†¦what'd he do?† â€Å"He held on. Grabbed her and wouldn't let go through all of those terrible transformations. No matter what she turned into, he just held on.† â€Å"Then what?† I could barely hear my own voice. â€Å"She finally turned back into a woman and stayed a woman. Then they got married.† I had stopped breathing somewhere around the word â€Å"shape-shifter.† Still clutching the book, I stared off into space, a great winged feeling swelling in my chest. â€Å"You all right, Kincaid? Christ, you've been weird lately.† I blinked, tuning back in to reality. The feeling in my chest burst out, launching into glorious flight. I started breathing again. â€Å"Yeah. Sorry. I've just had a lot on my mind.† Forcing levity, I added, â€Å"I'll do my best not to be too weird from now on.† Doug looked relieved. â€Å"Coming from you, that might be a long shot, but here's to hoping.† â€Å"Yes,† I agreed, smiling. â€Å"Here's to hoping.†

Devoted and Helpful Essay

We all have that one person whom we regard highly of. That person we look up to as a role model. But what is a role model? A role model would be someone who is devoted in most aspects of life to achieve success in the future and always willing to be help usually not caring what the task is. We do not necessarily see this person as particularly perfect but just a good goal of whom we hope to become someday. My sister Priscinda is my role model and she has these traits that I find admirable: being devoted and helpful. Why is being devoted and helpful qualities seen in someone whom we should regard highly of? The reason being is that being devoted is someone who is very loyal and loving that one person who has dedicated there time to another. Being devoted means commitment, putting others needs before oneself, trusting one another. Can we imagine a life without devotion? No commitment, no follow-through, no grounding in what really matters. Maybe that’s how most people live – losing their center in the face of compelling people and situations, not taking the time to reflect on what is important to themselves. Along with devotion you must also be helpful, we were all taught to help others when we were young. Helpful is being able to help others without expecting anything in return and just doing it out of the kindness of a person’s heart. It is a value that parents and teachers have been sharing for ages. Yet, sometimes we get so focused in our own world that we do not always go out of our way to help others— we just have too much on our minds and too much on our plates to even bother what others are doing. Being devoted and helpful is of such importance in a person because without these people we would not have anyone to look up to and we would live in a selfish world. Moreover,  one person whom I know that exemplifies these traits best is my older sister Priscinda. She is one person that I know best at being devoted whether its  school, work, family she is the one to stay committed to be able to succeed.

Marvel Holdings

To determine Whether or not it will be difficult for Marvel or other companies in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding company to issued debt in the future, we should analyze two perspectives, one is historical and the other one is the future perspective. Historically, Marvel Holdings issued zero-coupon senior secured notes which were all secured by Marvel’s equity rather than its assets or operating cash flows. However, this was a very attractive offer since the stock price was trading above $25 per share which had a value of $1.9 billion, well above the face value of the bonds issued. The interest payments on these bonds would be made from revenues received through tax sharing agreements between Marvel and Marcel III Holdings; moreover, all issues were scheduled to mature in April 1998, which in other words, the company would have a huge cash outflow when the bonds came to maturity. After the issurance of debt, company’s revenue decrease due to the comic book and trading card business failure, which caused share price to fall significantly. Despite the problems of revenue fallen, Marvel acquired SkyBx and financed the acquisition with $190 million of additional debt in early 1995. S&P then downgraded the holding companies debts from B to B-. The fianancing structure and the revenue fallen problems lead to Marvel announced that it would violate specific bank loan covenants due to decreasing revenue and profits. Moody downgraded Marvel’s public debt after the announcement and caused the price of the zero-coupon bonds to fall drastically by more than 41%. Moreover, their two largest institutional holders desided to sell the bonds even at a price of $0.37 per dollar of face value. When the resturcture plan was announced, the stock price fell by more than 41% and the zero-coupon bonds fell by addition 50%, to $0.18. As shown on the Balance Sheet, there was a $625.8 millions of current portion of long-term debt in 1996 which was increased significantly compare to previous years. Moreover, the short-term borrowing has also appeared on liability in the year of 1996. Total long-term debt and total liabilities also increased drastically in 1995 and more significantly in 1996. From the Consolidated statement of operations, the cost of sales increased since 1995. Moreover, the amortization of goodwill increased which is due to the decrease in revenue of trading cards and comic books. Interest expense also increased due to significant increase in debt. All these caused a loss in income and earning per share becomes negative at the end of 1995. Based on all the above historical evidences, it will be really difficult due to the fact that the company has a debt-to-total capital ratio of 88% which is $805.4 million in total debt and $107.4 million in equity. With the downgrade of the public debts, it will make the financing situation even worse since the issueing notes or bonds will not raise as much financing as when the rating is good and will be more costly since the interest rate has to increase due to the increase in risk. In the future perspective, a restructure plan was mentioned by Perelman. However, Marvel was facing three options: 1. if marvel was going under chapter 7 liquidation, the debtholders would get around 70% of the original value and the holding company debtholders and equityholders would get nothing. 2. If Marvel did not aquire Toy Biz, the total enterprise value would between be no more than $660 which was not enough to settle the debt, and the equity would again be worthless. 3. If Marvel acquired Toy Biz, the company could transform into an integrated entertainment company which would operate theme restaurants, movie studio, entertainment software, and etc. Marvel believed with the growth of new media exposure, they would be able to have modest growth and pay secured and unsecured creditors in full. This plan had passed the feasibility test, which in other words, the company was not likely to be liquidized or reorganized. let’s assume Marvel implement the restrurture plan and make modest growth of profit. As they slowly payoff the debts, start earning profit and rebuild their reputation, It will become easier to raise debt. Moreover, if their performance is good, it might be even possible to increase their rating which will lower the cost due to the decrease in default risk.

Business Research Methodology and Regular Maintenance

Owning a bar in the Hobart City is quite an interesting and a fascinating idea. Since the citizens of the Hobart city are quite extrovert, they usually like to spend their leisure hours in a sophisticated bar with their friends or dear ones. The name of the bar will be â€Å"On the Groove.† The plan is that the bar will be having a club with dance floor accompanying it. It is very important to conduct primary and secondary research so that it turns into a successful venture in the long run. The three important issues which is required to be analysed for the opening of a bar in Hobbit are the Location for the setup of bar, to compete with the prevailing competitors and their innovative ideas and the cost involved for setting up and maintenance in a regular manner (Grapebar.com.au, 2016).   The locations of the bar play a major role in its growth and development throughout its existence. Many a time due to the location of bar it gains popularity and customer’s attention as compared to those which are located in less popular areas. The choice of location will totally depend upon the bar will look, the kind of customers which it expects and the level of its contribution which towards the society. The next step will be to decide whether to purchase the requisite location or to take it up on lease. This decision will be depending upon the level of budget which has been proposed for â€Å"on the groove†. At last, it will depend on the owner of the bar how to sync the concept of the bar with the proposed location in order to achieve the best competitive advantage with respect to location and its services. At times, due to the popularity of location, customers usually gets attracted towards the bar to spend their leisure time and this automatically becomes one of the reason behind significant increase in the level of revenue for the bar. So, by choosing proper location for â€Å"On the Groove† the owner can expect increase the level of revenue and can expect prospective advantages accruing from it (Entrepreneur, 2016). It is very important for a bar to always come up with innovative ideas so that it does not loses its customers and it's quite capable to attract the prospective ones regularly. Like, along with the dance floor you can have a mixture or a combination of Sports Bar and beer bar at the same time. This will attract those kinds of customers who are inclined for the above said specialty. It will also be a one stop destination for those people who want to enjoy the drink along with grooving on the dance floor.   With the growing rapid changes in the needs of the customers, it has turned very important to have innovative ideas and to implement the same in the business from time to time. This will not only increase the number of customers but will also increase the level of prospect for the survival in this kind of industry. Not only this, it will be quite successful in gaining an edge upon its competitors in the market. It is very important for being a successful business owner, to underst and the latest Buzz in the market, to remain alert with the changing needs and wants of the customers and also conscious or proactive towards the environment. If the owner of â€Å"On the Groove† is quite innovative and creative it will be a plus point for him to carry out the concept of bar in the Hobart City (Entrepreneur, 2016). In order to proceed further with the concept of setting up a bar it is very important to analyse the target market in the industry. For this, critical analysis and research is to be conducted by collecting data regarding need of the customers in the form of surveys, the current position of similar bars in the state, level of regular and fixed type of investments by its competitors etc. The first and foremost step involved is the amount required for rent or lease followed by the level of investment in fixtures, various licences, opening stock, utilities, payroll, marketing expenses, legal services, types of insurance, accounting and various other miscellaneous expenses . Just for the purpose of consumption, it would be advisable to have 10% of the total other expenses to be allocated for miscellaneous expenses. This will be referred as total initiation cost for â€Å"on the groove†. Other cost like security terms for safety in order to prevent breakout is another important aspe ct to maintain a bar. From the owners point of you, raising a bar is equivalent to nurturing a child right from giving a name to it, ensuring its smooth functioning, hassle-free, higher revenue earnings   can be compared to the style of parenting having a child who is happy, well assured, adjusted and ready for his adulthood in the coming future.   Proper cash settlement by means of collecting the same from the customers, distributing among the employees in terms of their salaries and keeping aside owners share of profit can to add different setup inside the bar for effective cash management setup. This will be the additional cost for the owner. If the owner of the bar has conducted its cost benefit analysis and have considered the above mentioned cost it would be advisable to move ahead with on the groove. Profitability should be ensured to the owner after adjusting all the above mentioned cost judiciously (Entrepreneur, 2016). The above three factors play a major role in deciding the commercial viability of the bar in the Hobbit City. If all the three factors shows positive response during analysis, it would be quiet beneficial to the owner to have a bar in the City. Being updated with innovative ideas and controlled cost it will be a successful venture (Grapebar.com.au, 2016). Entrepreneur. (2016). How to Start a Bar/Club. [online] Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/41460 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Fell, J. (2016). Three Things About Owning a Bar That Might Surprise You. [online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219351 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Grapebar.com.au. (2016). The Experience Grape – Wine | Food | Bar. [online] Available at: https://grapebar.com.au/the-experience/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016].